RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary

The Effect of Coating Materials Towards the Quality of Crude Albumin Powder Made from Snakehead Channa striata

Eddy Suprayitno — 2023-03-14

Background and aim: Snakehead (Channa striata) contains protein 25.5% including albumin. C. striata contains approximately crude albumin 6.22% and the crude albumin extract has been used as wound healing supplement widely in Indonesia. Recently, the albumin extract has been produced in powder form. Albumin is classified as a globular protein, and the properties have been influenced by temperature and pH value. Therefore, coating material is needed to protect albumin, to stabilize the properties from protein denaturation and to improve the end-product quality. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding coating materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), chitosan, alginate and pectin towards quality of crude albumin powder made from C. striata. Methods: The method used in this study was experimental method. CMC, chitosan, pectin and alginate have been added to crude albumin extract with five differences concentrations, respectively. The concentration of coating material were CMC 3%, chitosan 2%, alginate 2%, and pectin 1%. The parameters of this experiment were albumin content, protein content, moisture content, lipid content, ash content, water absorption and yield. Results: The results showed that albumin content was 8.09% (CMC), 7.29% (chitosan), 7.37% (alginate) and 6.73% (pectin). CMC 3% showed the highest albumin content among others coating materials. The nutritional value of albumin powder with additional CMC 3% was albumin content 8.08%, protein content 32.55%, moisture content 5.47%, ash content 3.30%, lipid content 4.91%, water absorption 2.37% and yield 5.99%. The lightness of the best treatment (CMC 3%) was 26.30 ±0.57. The amino acid analysis from the albumin powder coated by CMC 3% showed that this product contained amino acid are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine. Moreover, the fatty acid profiles showed that the crude albumin powder contained oleic acid and dokosadienoic acid. In conclusion, additional CMC 3% towards crude albumin powder improved the quality of final product. Conclusions: Optimal snakehead fish albumin powder was obtained at a concentration of 3% CMC coating addition with qualities including albumin content of 8.08%, water content 5.47%, ash content 3.3%, protein content 32.55%, fat content 4.91 %, 2.37% water vapor absorption and 5.99% yield. In the brightness parameter, the value of L * 23.35 is obtained. The highest amino acid profiles are glutamic amino acids and aspartic amino acids. The highest fatty acid profiles are linoleic and lauric fatty acids.

India’s Partition through the lens of Gender: Trauma and Triumph interconnected

Sreyasi Ghosh — 2023-03-14

The horrible tragedy of modern Indian history is India’s Partition and the consequent refugee problem. A total of 18 million people were victims of this bloody incident; undoubtedly 10 million and more had been compelled by circumstances to abandon their homes. According to Ram Chandra Guha, author of India After Gandhi, nowhere in known history had the transfer of so many millions taken place in so few days. Women were the worst sufferers of Partition because their life was terribly affected by rape, murder, plunder and devastating bloodbath of communal riots. Prafulla Kumar Chakravarty in his book entitled Marginal Men depicted the fathomless trauma of uprooted people. Actually, refugee crisis was cause of severe headache of the newly created states. In the West the crisis did not take a never- ending shape and ended after a short while. The story of Eastern Frontier was quite different. According to Bipan Chandra, the flow of refugees did not stop upto 1971 in the Eastern Frontier and it can be added that the refugees from the East was an alarming problem for the Government of India.

Khwaja A. Khalique in his article entitled Genesis of Partition has rightly raised the pertinent issue that the unwanted incident of India’s Partition benefitted no one.

Undoubtedly the Partition benefitted none but affected the life of women in both Eastern and Western Frontiers in the ghastliest manner. In this article I have tried my best to discuss its tremendous influence on womenfolk of our beloved motherland.

Factors Affecting Employment in Non-Agricultural Individual Economic Establishments in Vietnam

Minh Hieu Trinh — 2023-03-14

This paper analyses factors affecting the participation of non-farm activities in 63 provinces and cities, since then making recommendations suitable to the characteristics of non-farm workers in Vietnam. The statistics are based on secondary data set by provinces in Vietnam for the period from 2016 to 2020 with a one-year interval to suit the context in Vietnam. Data on the independent variables (education, unemployment, income, and gender), the control variable (economic size, the area of agricultural land), and the dependent variable (the number of employees in non-agricultural economic establishments) are collected through statistical publications such as the Statistical Yearbooks, the annual Labor and Employment Survey reports, and government websites. The study applies quantitative research methods to describe the relationship and influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. In this research, we present an analysis of factors affecting the participation of employees in non-farm employment across 63 provinces in Vietnam, thereby making appropriate recommendations.

The Understanding of India-Bangladesh Border Haats and its Benefits

Vaibhav Verma — 2023-03-14

Bangladesh is neighbouring country of India. Both countries are sharing about 4096 kilometer long international border. Cross border trade and haat trade is a centuries old practice in India. Those who live close to the borders of India and Bangladesh have historically exchanged products and services in a customary manner. In 1972, India and Bangladesh signed an agreement to formalize these cross-border trade. But it was not implemented because of some concern of Bangladeshi side. In 2010, both counties signed a memorandum of understanding to establish border haats on zero line of international border. Border haats plays significant roles in remote border areas. It is not just a market place where people are selling and buying local produced and essential commodities but also it is a place for socializing, meeting distant friends and relatives. This article tries to explore basic understanding of border haats and its histoy of origin. It also tries to explain that how it is benefiting and transforming the lives of the people of remote border areas. This article also explains the impact of border haats on local communities as well as on relations of both countries.

Orientalism, Translation, and Recognition: With reference to Sir William Jones, H.T Colebrooke, and H.H Wilson

Shweta Kumari Das — 2023-03-14

This paper aims to examine the process of knowledge produced by the Orientalists during the initial colonial period and the Eurocentrism it imbibes. By translating the Indian texts into European languages, the Europeans could "entrap" India, its culture, and its intellectual tradition. This paper will argue that reading, translating, and interpreting Indian texts in different languages, especially English, was an essential element in European colonization and the imposition of the European way of life, which is the only superior culture to the Indian people. Through an analysis of the establishment of the Asiatic Society and subsequent acquisition, production, and reproduction of the ancient Indian texts, this paper seeks to address the issue of this flawed process by shedding light on the construction of an idealized Indian society, very different from the actual one. By providing a detailed account of the Europeanization of Indian literature, it will be able to address the question of the writings used as standard texts in present Independent India.

The effect of the quality of governance institutions on education inequality in Vietnam

Thi Bich Tram Nguyen — 2023-03-14

The study examines the influence of governance institution quality on educational inequality in 63 provinces in Vietnam through the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) and the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) within 5 years (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020). The article measures educational inequality using the Gini index through the average years of schooling as suggested by Thomas et al. (2001). Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM), the study shows that the quality of governance institutions has a negative effect on educational inequality. From there, the study proposes recommendations to enhance the quality of governance institutions and improve educational inequality in Vietnam.

The Impact of ESG Practices on Business Performance in Vietnam: A Study of the Textile and Garment Industry

Ngoc Do Thi — 2023-03-14

In recent years, there are many textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam who are interested in understanding the relevance of ESG practices to their business performance. The article is researched with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ESG practice and the performance of businesses, especially in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam. The authors used Cronbach's Alpha accreditation, EFA factor analysis, linear regression model, and Bootstrap testing for intermediate variables to analyze "The impact of ESG practices on the performance of textile enterprises in the period 2018 - 2021". The results showed a positive influence between ESG practices and business performance through factors such as customer loyalty, corporate reputation and corporate culture.

Synthesis of azepinoindolone derivative using Larock’s heteroannulation as key step

Amrita Chakraborty — 2023-03-14

Synthesis of tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b] indol-2(1H)-one derivative was achieved via intramolecular lactamization of the corresponding amine prepared from suitably designed 2,3-disubstituted indole. Larock’s heteroannulation was employed to get 2,3-disubstituted indole from tosyl protected 2-iodoaniline and internal alkyne which was prepared according to the methodology reported by Greg Fu.

The Journey towards Inclusive and Equitable Education for Students with Disabilities in India

Naru Gopal Dey — 2023-03-14

This article is a descriptive review of several policy documents initiated by the government of India regarding inclusive and equitable education for students with disabilities to bring them into the mainstream education system. India has one of the most progressive disability policy frameworks for educating students with disabilities among developing countries. Over the last three decades, the government of India is taking various initiatives and policy programme to promote inclusive and equitable education for students with disabilities. The most recent policy in India, the National Education Policy 2020, focuses on inclusive and equitable education for students with disabilities. Some other major initiatives focused on inclusive education for students with disabilities at different levels of education like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Inclusive Education of Children and Youth with Disabilities (IECYD), Rastriya Bal Swaasthya Karyakaram (RBSK), Inclusive Education of the Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS) and Teacher Preparation in Special Education (TEPSE), Higher Education for Persons with Special Needs (HEPSN), etc. Despite all these policies, students with disabilities are facing various challenges in regular school. Therefore, India has to go a long way to achieve the goal of inclusive and equitable education for all, including students with disabilities.

Structural Characterization and Functional Interaction Analysis of Radiation Induced Protein Flt3 in Human and Mouse

Aditi Tomar — 2023-03-14

Increasing risk of radiation exposure can be due to various reasons such as terrorist attacks, detonation of nuclear reactors, nuclear weapons, as well as acute radiation exposure on large scale poses high risk to humankind. Therefore, there is a critical need of identification and authentication of fast and early-response radiation induced harm biomarkers to distinguish between exposed and non-exposed individuals on a large-scale basis. This study deals with structural characterization of radiation induced proteins that are probable biomarkers such as Flt3L using database tools such as prot-param for physio-chemical properties, GOR IV to predict the secondary structure, swiss modelling for 3D model of protein, stitch and string analysis for protein-chemical interaction and protein-protein interaction respectively. In-silico analysis showcasing, protein Flt3L physical parameters such as theoretical PI 8.72, hydrophobicity 0.100, aliphatic index 111.81. Secondary structure, alpha helix 41.38%, extended strand 11.64%. Homology modelling showing sequence identity 74.26%, coverage 0.50 and range 1-101. In stich, Flt3 activating KITLG and showing binding affinity to Zn molecule. Identification of protein-protein interacting functional partner of Flt3L using string shows interactions with polyubiquitin-C (UBC), KITLG, Nras proto onco genes, etc, it showed experimental evidence of Flt3L and KITLG protein. Hence, by using in-silico analysis we can perform a preliminary study to predict the structures and chemical interaction of potential radiation induced probable biomarkers that can be utilized for rapid detection of radiation exposure and drugdiscovery.

Appraising Spatial organization on Rajput Palaces: Amber Palace, Udaipur Palace & Mehrangarh, Jodhpur

Arushi Bajpai — 2023-03-14

The paper explores the magnificent arrangement of significant spaces within the residential compounds of the Rajput clans of Rajasthan, India. It focuses on stating the emergence of new practice of construction and development of a single premises which held both the military strength to withhold the enemies and the luxurious warmth of a residence for the royal family and their subordinates. The architectural specimens which followed this Rajput style of architecture and design are selected with keeping in mind the concept of ‘Garh Palace’. Another influencing factor is the varied locations of the three palaces within the north western subcontinent. Primary focus is on how the space is designed and organized as per the preference and functionality required; for instance, the Zenana wing being in the inner most part of the layout because of their immense requirement of safety and high tolerance from intrusion of men in their private chambers and halls. The most significant spaces are listed out with their unique built and design qualities. The three respective palaces are the Amber palace in Jaipur with hot and dry climate, the City Palace of Udaipur with semi-arid climate with lake Pichola beside it and the Mehrangarh Palace of Jodhpur with hot arid climate and immense heat of desert.

A Study to find the level of participation of elected women representative in Zila Parishad of Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh

Kukish Pegu — 2023-03-14

This article investigates the level of women participation in Panchayati Raj Institution (PRIs) in Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh (INDIA). The research aims to explore different factors that have influenced women's involvement in PRIs viz education, age, caste, background, political background in the participation of Zila Parishad of Tawang District etc..Various report and data are studied and identified that social, economic and political factors have influenced women's participation in political processes. The study of women reservation in PRI of Tawang District revealed that gender equality is an important factor, which has failed on the ground level. Various types of data were collected in the study regarding women in Tawang District such as Family income, house amenity, involvement attitude, and social mobility and were found to be on the male’s side. The study reveals that Women have undoubtedly benefited from the 33 % reservation offered by government policies. Their success was aided by the support of their family. Support from their political parties was also a major factor in their selection. The attitude of society does not seem to be encouraging for single and younger generations of women. Majority of Tawang District female members are politically conscious, it indicate that having a basic understanding of PRIs has aided women representatives in running for Tawang District elections and empowering them at different stages of Tawang District activities. After various researches of study and data from many sources it can be concluded that this study would be valuable to know about the level of women participation in Zila Panchayat of Tawang District.

Role of Local Authorities in Development of Primary Schools

Dineesh Baby — 2023-03-14

Education is considered as a basic human right in modern society as education makes people responsible citizens imbibed with knowledge, awareness and wisdom. This has been adhered by international organisations like the UN which declared the famous universal declaration of human rights in the year 1948 made education as a basic human right. Education has been given prime importance in India since independence. The 4th Chapter of the Constitution of India depicts the Directive Principles of State Policy include directions to the government on significant areas for the development of the nation. It is constitutionally mandated in India that governments shall provide compulsory and free of cost education to children up to the age of 14 years. It articulates the importance of education given by the makers of the Indian Constitution. The formal education process of an individual starts with primary education as it aims to develop the social, cognitive, cultural, emotional and physical skills of children and enable them to build their basic qualities for a prospective life. Right to Education Act 2010 made education a major responsibility of the local self-government institutions as India has adopted a strong local administrative system through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts. This paper is an attempt to introduce the overall view of the role of local authorities in the development of Primary Schools.

Spatio-temporal variations of a meandering channel morphodynamics: A study along the Kaljani River in Bhuchungmari-Moamari Section of North Bengal Dooars, West Bengal (India)

Mantu Das — 2023-03-14

Rivers being the most dynamic and natural engines receive the maximum outcome of process-form activities over space and time. Displacement and shifting of course of the alluvial channels over the lower gradients result into severe bed-bank scouring activities temporally. River Kaljani within the neo tectonically active zone of North Bengal plains is an example of temporal variations of high sinuosity and braiding over the softer lithology. The present work is focusing on a temporal study from 1970 to 2019. The SOI Topographical map of 1:50,000 scales has been the base layer along with temporal satellite imageries (1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019). The schematization has followed digitization, rectiﬁcation and overlaying of conformal layers extracted from the USGS website under UTM Projection system and WGS of 1984 datum for north 45 zones under GIS platform. Multi-temporal satellite data identified serious course changes of the selected reach of lower segment of Kaljani River. The rectified multi-spectral bands are used to make the NDWI for identification of the water content on earth surface followed by selective morphometric analysis e.g. sinuosity index, braided index and roundness of curvature to access the spatio-temporal changes accomplishing some derivative mathematical equations. Descriptive statistics viz. mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), skewness and kurtosis were used and explained maximum course oscillations. The authors tried to examine the fact for six temporal frames i.e. 1970, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2019 and received high sinuosity of all categories. Conclusively the work claims to set a documentary approach to examine the morphodynamics of an alluvial channel of Sub-Himalayan foothills.

Social Conditions of Hill Korwa Primitive Tribe in North-Eastern Chhattisgarh : A Geographical Study

Shivnath Ekka — 2023-03-14

The social structure of the population is not only the pillar of economic development, but also an important basis of the social environment and social life of the population group. Under the social environment, the castes living in the community and their social values, customs, and social relations are included, on the basis of which the social environment of that community is determined. The presented research paper is completely based on primary data. Raigarh, Jashpur, Surguja and Balrampur districts are located in the north-eastern region of Chhattisgarh state. In the north-eastern region there is a majority of 'Hill Korwa' primitive tribal. The presented research paper is related to the social conditions of 'Hill Korwa' primitive tribe of north-eastern Chhattisgarh: A geographical study. The total population of 1218 Hill Korva families in the study area is 4701, in which 52.03 percent is male and 47.97 percent is female population, while 31.93 percent of the population (excluding 0-6 age group) is literate, which is a part of the surveyed Hill Korva primitive. Tribal indicates low educational level of families, lack of awareness towards education and economically backward society. Due to the lack of education and awareness among the primitive tribes, the practice of child marriage is prevalent even today, where marriages are arranged even before becoming an adult. The impact of gender discrimination has been more in the marital structure, which indicates the traditional thoughts and narrow mindedness in the society. It is clear from the analysis that in the surveyed village Kamarima (Jashpur district) of the study area, a higher positive social index of more than 10.01 was obtained. Therefore, it is necessary that an analytical study of the currently available social facilities should be done. Accordingly, on the basis of the analyzed study, a detailed planning outline should be prepared for the development of the area.

Abstract in Hindi Language (शोध सारांश):

जनसंख्या की सामाजिक संरचना आर्थिक विकास का आधार स्तम्भ ही नहीं वरन् सामाजिक परिवेश एवं जनसंख्या समूह के सामाजिक जीवन का महत्वपूर्ण आधार भी है। सामाजिक परिवेश के अन्तर्गत् समुदाय में रहने वाले जातिय¨ं तथा उनके सामाजिक मूल्य, रीति-रिवाज, एवं सामाजिक सम्बन्ध¨ं क¨ सम्मिलित किया जाता है, जिसके आधार पर उस समुदाय के सामाजिक वातावरण का निर्धारण होता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र पूर्णतरू प्राथमिक आंकड़ों पर आधारित है। छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के उत्तरी-पूर्वी क्षेत्र्ा में रायगढ़, जशपुर, सरगुजा एवं बलरामपुर जिला स्थित है। उत्तरी-पूर्वी क्षेत्र्ा में ’पहाड़ी कोरवा’ आदिम जनजातीय की बहुलता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र उत्तरी-पूर्वी छत्तीसगढ़ के ’पहाड़ी कोरवा’ आदिम जनजाति की सामाजिक दशाएँ: एक भौगोलिक अध्ययन से संबंधित है। अध्ययन क्षेत्र के पहाड़ी कोरवा जनजाति परिवारों में 1218 पहाड़ी कोरवा परिवारों की कुल जनसंख्या 4701 है, जिसमें 52.03 प्रतिशत् पुरूष एवं 47.97 प्रतिशत् महिला जनसंख्या है, वहीं (0-6 आयु वर्ग को छोड़कर) 31.93 प्रतिशत् जनसंख्या साक्षर है, जो सर्वेक्षित पहाड़ी कोरवा आदिम जनजाति परिवारों के निम्न शैक्षणिक स्तर, शिक्षा के प्रति जागरूकता की कमी एवं आर्थिक रूप से पिछड़े समाज को इंगित करता है। आदिम जनजाति में शिक्षा व जागरूकता की कमी के कारण बाल विवाह की प्रथा आज भी प्रचलित है, जहाँ वयस्क होने से पहले ही विवाह तय कर दिये जाते हैं। वैवाहिक संरचना में लिंग भेद का प्रभाव अधिक रहा है, जो समाज में परम्परागत् विचार एवं संकीर्ण मानसिकता को इंगित करता है। विश्लेषण से स्पष्ट है, कि अध्ययन क्षेत्र का सर्वेक्षित ग्राम कामरिमा (जशपुर जिला) में >10.01 से अधिक उच्च धनात्मक सामाजिक सूचकांक प्राप्त हुआ। अतः आवश्यक है, कि वर्तमान में उपलब्ध सामाजिक सुविधाओं का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया जाय। तद्नुसार विश्लेषित अध्ययन के आधार पर क्षेत्र के विकास हेतु एक विस्तृत नियोजन की रूपरेखा तैयार किया जाय।

Keywords (शब्द कुंजी) : परिवारिक संरचना, निर्भरता अनुपात, शैक्षणिक स्थिति, वैवाहिक स्थिति एवं सामाजिक स्तर।