Assessing the Impact of Climate Change and Environmental Policies on Sustainable Development in Bihar

Abstract

This study assesses the impacts of climate change and the effectiveness of environmental policies in promoting sustainable development in Bihar, a state highly vulnerable to climate-related disruptions. Bihar's agricultural sector, a critical economic pillar, faces significant challenges due to erratic rainfall patterns, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. The study investigates the direct and indirect effects of these climate shifts on agriculture, biodiversity, and water resources, highlighting the state's dependence on agriculture and the consequent risks to food security. The research also evaluates the role of key state policies, particularly the Bihar State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) and the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Abhiyan, in mitigating climate impacts and fostering climate resilience. While these policies aim to promote sustainable development through afforestation, water conservation, and the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, their implementation faces challenges, including limited financial resources, institutional capacity, and interdepartmental coordination. Additionally, the study examines the ongoing threats to biodiversity in Bihar’s wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas due to climate change and human activities. The findings emphasize the need for stronger policy integration, increased community participation, and enhanced monitoring to address these challenges. Ultimately, the study proposes actionable recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies and achieving long-term environmental sustainability, aiming to balance economic growth with ecological conservation. These insights are crucial for guiding Bihar's transition to a more resilient and sustainable future in the face of climate change.