A Review of the Steering Column: Corrosion, Wear, and Mechanical Damage

Abstract

The steering column is a critical component of modern vehicles, directly affecting driving safety and comfort. This article examines the primary factors that influence steering column performance, including corrosion, wear, and mechanical damage, under various operational and environmental conditions. Common failure modes, such as backlash, noise, and bearing seizure, are analyzed, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis to prevent accidents and costly repairs. The study details a repair process for corroded bearings, demonstrating its effectiveness through vibration and torque tests. Advances in materials, sealing technologies, and predictive maintenance are discussed as strategies to enhance durability. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research to improve steering system reliability, particularly as vehicles evolve toward electrification and autonomy.