Draupadi: A Mythological Precursor to Modern Feminist Resistance and a Catalyst for Feminist Movements in India

Abstract

Draupadi, one of the most compelling characters in the Mahabharata, has long been interpreted as a figure of victimhood within patriarchal narratives. However, contemporary feminist reimagining in revisionist fiction have reframed her as a precursor to modern feminist resistance, challenging traditional portrayals and reclaiming her agency. This paper examines Draupadi’s pivotal moments, particularly her humiliation in the Kuru court and her subsequent defiance, as symbols of resistance against systemic oppression. It explores the works of authors such as Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Pratibha Ray, Koral Das Gupta, and Vasmi Krishna, who reimagine Draupadi as an empowered, multifaceted figure whose struggles resonate with contemporary gender discourse. Additionally, the study highlights how these narratives connect Draupadi’s story to broader feminist movements in India, including campaigns for gender justice, caste equality, and social change. By bridging mythology and modernity, this paper argues that Draupadi’s narrative serves as a powerful symbol for feminist activism, inspiring both literary reinterpretations and grassroots advocacy.