RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
हिंदी में पढ़ें | ગુજરાતી માટે ક્લિક કરો RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal committed to advancing knowledge across a wide spectrum of disciplines through multidisciplinary research. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, and researchers from diverse academic backgrounds to publish original and high-quality work that bridges disciplinary boundaries and fosters innovative thinking. The journal welcomes submissions in multiple languages — English, Hindi, and Gujarati — to promote inclusive academic communication and support linguistic diversity in global scholarship. Journal Information Journal Start Year: January 2016 Journal Title: RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary ISSN (Online): 2455-3085 Impact Factor: 6.93 Crossref DOI: 10.31305/rrijm Frequency of Publication: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati Accessibility: Open Access Peer Review Process: Double Blind Peer Review Subject Coverage: Multidisciplinary Plagiarism Checker: Turnitin (Licensed) Publication Format: Online Article Acceptance Rate: 18% – 29% Contact Details Contact No.: +91-99784 40833 Email: editor@rrjournals.com Old Website: https://old.rrjournals.com/ New Website: https://rrjournals.com/ Address: 15, Kalyan Nagar, Shahpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380001 Key Features of RRIJM Journal was listed in UGC with Journal No. 44945 (Till 14-06-2019) Journal publishes online every month Online article submission system Standard double-blind peer review process
Library as an Essential Component in the National Education Policy 2020: A Critical Analysis
The NEP 2020 refers to the National Education Policy 2020. The Government of India presented this policy document in July 2020. The National Education Policy 2020 recognizes the significant role libraries play in creating a culture of reading as a crucial part of lifelong learning. It also emphasizes the need to achieve this goal by providing adequate resources and trained librarians. However, the transformation of libraries goes beyond just access to physical and digital resources. It also involves reimagining the space as a vibrant hub for learning, collaboration, and innovation. The NEP 2020 promotes the development of interactive library spaces that inspire students and community members to think critically and creatively. Additionally, the policy emphasizes integrating libraries into the broader educational ecosystem to enrich and supplement the educational process. This includes working together with neighborhood organizations, universities, and educational institutions to engage a variety of populations and reach a larger audience. The importance of libraries in conserving indigenous and local knowledge is emphasized in NEP 2020. It promotes the growth of community libraries that act as repositories of traditional knowledge, cultural history, and folklore. In this sense, libraries serve as centers for academic pursuits and guardians of the nation's rich cultural legacy. The NEP 2020 lays out a thorough plan for libraries to become more than just places to store books; they will become hubs for inclusive education, cultural preservation, and creativity.
Knowledge Sharing among University Students in Vietnam: Current Practices and Solutions in the Context of Digital Transformation
Knowledge sharing has become an important topic in higher education, particularly in the context of digital transformation, where digital technologies have reshaped the way students access, exchange, and collaborate on knowledge. Although previous studies have highlighted the importance of knowledge sharing in learning environments, research on knowledge-sharing practices among university students in Vietnam remains limited in scope and context. Existing studies have mainly focused on specific regions or individual factors, making it difficult to obtain a comprehensive understanding of student knowledge sharing practices within the current digital learning environment. This study aims to examine the current situation of knowledge sharing in Vietnamese higher education and propose solutions to improve knowledge sharing practices. The findings highlight that while digital technologies facilitate knowledge sharing, technology alone cannot ensure active participation. Effective knowledge sharing requires a combination of digital infrastructure, information literacy, academic integrity, supportive leadership, and a strong culture of collaboration within educational institutions. This study contributes to the literature on knowledge management and higher education by providing insights into knowledge sharing practices in the Vietnamese context and suggesting directions for fostering more effective knowledge exchange in digital learning environments.
Organizational Justice in Baking Sector –A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
This study explores the dimensions of organizational justice and their impact on employees’ perceptions of fairness within the workplace. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the research confirmed the suitability of the data, as indicated by a high Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value and a significant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. After addressing multicollinearity, thirteen items were retained for analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation extracted three distinct factors explaining 77.22% of the total variance: Procedural Justice – Flawless and Ethical Procedures, Distributive Justice – Outcomes Justifying Performance, and Informational Justice – Supervisory Support. Procedural justice emerged as the most influential dimension, highlighting the importance of consistent, unbiased, and ethical procedures. Distributive justice emphasized fair outcomes aligned with employee contributions, while informational justice underscored the critical role of supervisors in providing clear and adequate communication. The findings suggest that perceptions of organizational justice are shaped by fair processes, equitable rewards, and effective supervisory communication, offering a robust framework for enhancing workplace fairness and organizational practices.
Digital India and Electoral Reforms: The Impact of Special Intensive Revision on the Modernization of Electoral Rolls
“Digital India and Electoral Reforms: The Impact of Special Intensive Revision on the Modernization of Electoral Rolls” focuses on analyzing the role of administrative reforms and technological interventions in India’s electoral process. India is the world’s largest democracy, and the accuracy and updation of electoral rolls form the foundation of free, fair, and transparent elections. The Digital India initiative has utilized Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to make electoral systems more transparent, accessible, and responsive. Through the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) process, efforts have been made to correct errors in electoral rolls, remove duplicate entries, update the details of deceased or migrated voters, and register new voters. The primary objective of this study is to examine how the technological measures implemented under the Digital India programme and the Special Intensive Revision process have modernized electoral rolls, and to assess their impact on electoral transparency, administrative efficiency, and democratic strengthening. The study also explores future challenges related to the digital divide, data security, and privacy concerns. The research adopts descriptive and analytical approaches. The study is primarily based on secondary sources, including government reports, policy analyses, documents published by the Election Commission, research articles, and official statistics obtained from digital platforms. Comparative and content analyses of the available data have been undertaken to evaluate changes in the quality of electoral rolls before and after the implementation of these reforms. The major findings of the study indicate significant improvements in the accuracy, transparency, and updation of electoral rolls through the use of Special Intensive Revision and digital tools. The reduction of duplicate entries, availability of online registration facilities, and enhanced data management capabilities have made electoral administration more streamlined and efficient. However, issues such as limited digital literacy in rural areas and concerns related to data security continue to require attention and improvement. Overall, the study demonstrates that electoral reforms under Digital India are emerging as an important step toward making the democratic system more robust, reliable, and trustworthy. Abstract in Hindi Language: “डिजिटल इंडिया और चुनावी सुधार: यह लेख “मतदाता सूची के आधुनिकीकरण में विशेष गहन पुनरीक्षण का प्रभाव” पर केंद्रित है, जिसमें प्रशासनिक सुधारों और तकनीकी हस्तक्षेप की भारत की चुनावी प्रक्रिया में भूमिका का विश्लेषण किया गया है। भारत विश्व का सबसे बड़ा लोकतंत्र है और निष्पक्ष और पारदर्शी चुनावों का आधार मतदाता सूची की शुद्धता और अद्यतनता है। डिजिटल इंडिया अभियान ने सूचना एवं संचार प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करके चुनावी व्यवस्थाओं को अधिक पारदर्शी, सुलभ और उत्तरदायी बनाया है। विशेष गहन पुनरीक्षण (SIR) प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से मतदाता सूचियों में त्रुटियों को सुधारने, डुप्लीकेट नामों को हटाने, मृत या स्थानांतरित मतदाताओं के विवरणों को अद्यतन करने और नए मतदाताओं का पंजीकरण करने का प्रयास किया गया है। इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह है कि डिजिटल इंडिया कार्यक्रम में लागू तकनीकी उपायों और विशेष गहन पुनरीक्षण प्रक्रिया ने मतदाता सूची को आधुनिक बनाया है और इन सुधारों का चुनावी पारदर्शिता, प्रशासनिक क्षमता और लोकतांत्रिक सुदृढ़ीकरण पर क्या असर पड़ा है। साथ ही, यह अध्ययन डिजिटल विभाजन, डेटा सुरक्षा और गोपनीयता से संबंधित भविष्य की चुनौतियों को भी देखता है। अनुसंधान प्रक्रिया वर्णनात्मक और विश्लेषणात्मक दृष्टिकोणों का उपयोग करती है। यह अध्ययन मुख्यतः द्वितीयक स्रोतों पर आधारित है; ये स्रोतों में सरकारी रिपोर्टें, नीतिगत विश्लेषण, चुनाव आयोग द्वारा प्रकाशित दस्तावेज, शोध लेख और डिजिटल प्लेटफॉर्म से प्राप्त आधिकारिक आँकड़े शामिल हैं। उपलब्ध आंकड़ों का तुलनात्मक और विषयवस्तु विश्लेषण करने का प्रयास किया गया है ताकि पूर्व और पश्चात मतदाता सूची की गुणवत्ता में क्या बदलाव आया है। अध्ययन के मुख्य निष्कर्षों से पता चलता है कि मतदाता सूची की शुद्धता, पारदर्शिता और अद्यतनता में काफी सुधार हुआ है, क्योंकि विशेष गहन पुनरीक्षण और डिजिटल साधनों का उपयोग किया गया है। डुप्लीकेट प्रविष्टियों की कमी, ऑनलाइन पंजीकरण की सुविधा और डेटा प्रबंधन की क्षमता ने चुनावी प्रशासन को अधिक सुव्यवस्थित बनाया है। तथापि, ग्रामीण इलाकों में डिजिटल साक्षरता की कमी और डेटा सुरक्षा से जुड़े मुद्दे अभी भी सुधार की आवश्यकता दर्शाते हैं। कुल मिलाकर, यह अध्ययन दिखाता है कि चुनावी सुधार डिजिटल इंडिया में लोकतांत्रिक प्रणाली को अधिक मजबूत और विश्वसनीय बनाने की दिशा में एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम बन रहे हैं। Keywords: डिजिटल इंडिया, चुनावी सुधार, मतदाता सूची, विशेष गहन पुनरीक्षण, ई-गवर्नेंस।
Teacher Education under NEP 2020: A SWOC-Based Assessment
India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant change in the country's education system, striving to reshape it from early childhood to higher education. Its core objective is to improve teacher education to develop a skilled educator workforce. Teachers' knowledge, dedication, quality, professional commitment, and motivation contribute to high-quality education and student achievement. A teacher's job has grown increasingly complicated due to new pedagogical and psychological theories, philosophy, sociology, globalisation, and today's ever-growing body of knowledge. Today's teacher education programmes must be well thought out and creative. Producing such teachers might seem a challenging task. In this context, it is appropriate to analyse the educational policy document, especially concerning teacher education. Therefore, this paper presents a SWOC (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges) analysis of NEP 2020 regarding teacher education.
The Nature of Devotional Philosophy in the Literature of Saint Rajjab: An Analytical Study
Saint Rajjab occupies an important position in the Nirguna Bhakti tradition of Hindi saint literature. He is regarded as one of the main disciples of Dadu Dayal, and his teachings reflect an integrated form of devotion, love, separation (Viraha), the glory of the Guru, remembrance of the Divine Name, and spiritual practice. The present research paper undertakes an analytical study of the philosophy of devotion embedded in the literature of Saint Rajjab. The primary objective of the study is to elucidate Rajjab’s perspective on devotion, its philosophical foundations, and its social and spiritual significance. Rajjab considered the worship of the Nirguna (formless) and Nirakara (attributeless) Brahman as the highest form of devotion. According to him, God is not confined to any particular form, caste, class, or religious boundary; rather, He is a universal power pervading the entire creation. The fundamental basis of Rajjab’s devotion is the remembrance of the Divine Name (Nama-Smarana), which he regarded as the simplest and most accessible means of attaining God. In his view, sincere remembrance of God with a pure heart is more significant than external rituals, pilgrimages, vows, and religious ostentation. The role of the Satguru is extremely important in Rajjab’s devotional practice. He believed that the Guru liberates the seeker from illusion, ignorance, and delusion, thereby paving the way for the realization of God. The sentiment of Viraha (spiritual longing and separation) also occupies a distinctive place in his teachings and appears to be influenced by Sufi philosophy of love. Through Viraha, he expressed the intense yearning of the soul for union with the Supreme Being. Furthermore, his writings reveal the influence of Nathpanthi yogic practices, particularly the concept of Ajapa-Japa (effortless and continuous remembrance of the Divine Name). Rajjab regarded desire, ego, attachment, and worldly entanglements as the major obstacles on the path of devotion and considered devotion to God as the most effective means of overcoming them. Abstract in Hindi Language: हिंदी संत साहित्य की निर्गुण भक्ति धारा में संत रज्जब का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। वे दादूदयाल के प्रमुख शिष्यों में गिने जाते हैं तथा उनकी वाणी में भक्ति, प्रेम, विरह, गुरु-महिमा, नाम-स्मरण और आध्यात्मिक साधना का समन्वित स्वरूप देखने को मिलता है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में संत रज्जब के साहित्य में निहित भक्ति-दर्शन का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य रज्जब की भक्ति-दृष्टि, उसके दार्शनिक आधार तथा सामाजिक-आध्यात्मिक महत्त्व को स्पष्ट करना है। रज्जब ने निर्गुण एवं निराकार ब्रह्म की उपासना को भक्ति का सर्वोच्च स्वरूप माना है। उनके अनुसार ईश्वर किसी विशेष रूप, जाति, वर्ग अथवा धार्मिक सीमाओं में बंधा हुआ नहीं है, बल्कि वह समस्त सृष्टि में व्याप्त सार्वभौमिक सत्ता है। रज्जब की भक्ति का मूल आधार नाम-स्मरण है, जिसे उन्होंने ईश्वर-प्राप्ति का सबसे सरल और सुलभ साधन माना है। उनकी दृष्टि में बाह्य कर्मकांड, तीर्थ, व्रत तथा आडंबर की अपेक्षा निष्कपट हृदय से किया गया ईश्वर-स्मरण अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है। रज्जब की भक्ति-साधना में सतगुरु की भूमिका अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण है। वे मानते हैं कि गुरु ही साधक को माया, अज्ञान और भ्रम से मुक्त कर ईश्वर-साक्षात्कार का मार्ग प्रशस्त करता है। उनकी वाणी में विरह-भावना का भी विशिष्ट स्थान है, जो सूफी प्रेम-दर्शन से प्रभावित प्रतीत होती है। विरह के माध्यम से उन्होंने आत्मा और परमात्मा के मध्य मिलन की उत्कट आकांक्षा को अभिव्यक्त किया है। साथ ही उनकी रचनाओं में नाथपंथी योग-साधना, विशेषतः अजपा-जाप की अवधारणा का भी प्रभाव दृष्टिगोचर होता है। रज्जब ने तृष्णा, अहंकार, मोह और सांसारिक आसक्तियों को भक्ति-पथ की प्रमुख बाधाएँ माना है तथा उनसे मुक्ति के लिए ईश्वर-भक्ति को सर्वोत्तम उपाय बताया है। Keywords: संत रज्जब, भक्ति-दर्शन, निर्गुण भक्ति, नाम-स्मरण, गुरु-महिमा, विरह, अजपा-जाप, संत साहित्य, दादूपंथ, आध्यात्मिक चेतना।
A Comparative Study of Classical and Modern English Literature
English literature has undergone significant transformations from the Classical period to the Modern age, reflecting changes in social, cultural, philosophical, and literary values. Classical English literature is characterized by its emphasis on order, reason, balance, moral instruction, and adherence to established literary conventions. In contrast, Modern English literature emerged as a response to rapid industrialization, world wars, scientific developments, and changing human consciousness, emphasizing individual experience, psychological depth, experimentation, and innovation in literary forms. This paper presents a comparative study of Classical and Modern English literature by examining their major themes, stylistic features, literary techniques, and representative authors. It explores how Classical writers focused on universality, rationality, and social order, whereas Modern writers highlighted subjectivity, fragmentation, alienation, and the complexities of modern life. The study further analyzes the contributions of prominent literary figures from both periods and evaluates the evolution of literary expression across time. The paper concludes that while Classical and Modern literature differ considerably in their approaches, both have played a vital role in shaping the development of English literary tradition and continue to influence contemporary literary thought and criticism.
Effects of Genocide Against the Tutsi Survivors’ Parenting Styles on Youth’s Mental Health in Rwanda: A Case of Kigali City
Background: The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda left profound psychological scars that continue to influence family dynamics and the well-being of the second generation. This study investigated the effects of parenting styles adopted by genocide survivors on the mental health status of their youth in Kigali City, addressing a critical gap in understanding intergenerational trauma transmission in urban post-conflict settings. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. The target population comprised genocide survivor households across the three districts of Kigali City (Gasabo, Kicukiro, and Nyarugenge). Using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique, a sample of 376 parent-youth dyads was targeted, yielding a final analytical sample of 305 respondents (an 81.1% response rate). Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered surveys featuring the Four-Factor Parenting Style Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), which were translated and validated in Kinyarwanda. Data analysis involved Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression using SPSS. Results: The combined multiple regression model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for 55.9% of the variance in youth mental health outcomes (R² = .559, p < .001). Uninvolved parenting emerged as the strongest positive predictor of youth psychological distress (β = .475), followed by authoritarian (β = .306), authoritative (β = .150), and permissive (β = .110) parenting styles. Notably, the unexpected positive association between authoritative parenting and youth distress highlights the complex influence of unresolved parental trauma and hyperarousal, where even warmth-and-structure-oriented practices may inadvertently transmit distress in this specific post-genocide context. Conclusion: Parenting styles significantly shape the mental health of youth in post-genocide Rwanda, with emotional disengagement and rigid control posing the highest risks. However, the pervasive impact of historical trauma means that family-level processes require specialized attention. The findings underscore the urgent need for trauma-informed, family-centered interventions that simultaneously address parental historical wounds and reshape parent-youth dynamics to foster psychological resilience in the younger generation.
Yoga Nidra and Academic Performance: A Descriptive Literature Review
In the present time, students are facing increasing academic competition, examination-related pressure, and mental stress, which adversely affect their academic performance. Yoga Nidra is an effective relaxation technique of Yoga that is considered helpful in strengthening mental balance and psychological health. The present study is based on a descriptive literature review, with the objective of analyzing the relationship between Yoga Nidra and academic performance. For this study, research papers, books, and review articles published from 2010 to 2025 were examined. The available literature revealed that Yoga Nidra is helpful in reducing stress and anxiety and in developing concentration, memory, cognitive ability, and emotional balance. All these factors positively influence the academic performance of students. Abstract in Hindi Language: वर्तमान समय में विद्यार्थियों को बढ़ती शैक्षणिक प्रतिस्पर्धा, परीक्षा संबंधी दबाव तथा मानसिक तनाव का सामना करना पड़ रहा है, जिससे उनके शैक्षणिक प्रदर्शन पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ता है। योग निद्रा योग की एक प्रभावी विश्राम तकनीक है, जो मानसिक संतुलन एवं मनोवैज्ञानिक स्वास्थ्य को सुदृढ़ करने में सहायक मानी जाती है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन एक वर्णनात्मक साहित्य समीक्षा पर आधारित है, जिसका उद्देश्य योग निद्रा एवं शैक्षणिक प्रदर्शन के मध्य संबंध का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन हेतु वर्ष 2010 से 2025 तक प्रकाशित शोध-पत्रों, पुस्तकों एवं समीक्षा लेखों का अध्ययन किया गया। उपलब्ध साहित्य से ज्ञात हुआ कि योग निद्रा तनाव एवं चिंता को कम करने तथा एकाग्रता, स्मृति, संज्ञानात्मक क्षमता एवं भावनात्मक संतुलन को विकसित करने में सहायक है। ये सभी कारक विद्यार्थियों के शैक्षणिक प्रदर्शन को सकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित करते हैं। Keywords: योग निद्रा, शैक्षणिक प्रदर्शन, तनाव, एकाग्रता, स्मृति, संज्ञानात्मक विकास
Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Marketing and Consumer Buying Behaviour in the Electronics Sector
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a key component of modern digital marketing, significantly influencing consumer buying behaviour in the electronics sector. AI-powered tools such as personalized recommendations, chatbots, predictive analytics, and automated advertising help businesses understand consumer preferences and deliver customized experiences. These technologies enhance customer engagement, improve decision-making, and increase purchase intentions. This study examines the impact of AI-based digital marketing on consumer buying behaviour in the electronics industry. It highlights how AI-driven strategies contribute to customer satisfaction, brand loyalty, and purchasing decisions while also addressing concerns related to privacy, trust, and ethical use of consumer data. The study concludes that AI plays a vital role in shaping consumer behaviour and is transforming the future of digital marketing in the electronics sector.
Indian Maritime Policy in the 21st Century: An Analysis of Strategic Challenges and Emerging Opportunities
The maritime domain has emerged as a critical arena of economic connectivity, geopolitical competition, and strategic engagement in the twenty-first century, particularly within the Indo-Pacific region. As a nation strategically located in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), India increasingly views maritime affairs as central to its national security, economic growth, and regional influence. This paper examines the evolution of India's maritime policy, focusing on its key pillars, including maritime security, naval modernization, maritime diplomacy, SAGAR, and the Blue Economy. It analyzes major challenges such as China's expanding presence in the Indian Ocean, maritime terrorism, piracy, climate change, cyber threats, and vulnerabilities in maritime trade routes, while also highlighting opportunities arising from the Blue Economy, port-led development, connectivity corridors, technological innovation, and regional cooperation. The study argues that India's maritime policy has evolved into a multidimensional strategy aimed at strengthening security, economic development, and regional leadership. It concludes that a coherent and integrated maritime approach is essential for achieving India's vision of becoming a leading maritime power in the Indo-Pacific by 2047.
Environmental Problems Arising from Mining Activities in Tijara Tehsil and Prospects for Sustainable Development
Alwar district of Rajasthan is a highly significant and mineral-rich region, where mining activities related to stone, gravel, and construction materials are extensively carried out, particularly in Tijara Tehsil. In recent years, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure development have led to a substantial increase in the demand for mineral resources, resulting in the expansion of mining operations. Although these activities have contributed to regional economic growth, employment generation, and industrial development, they have also given rise to serious environmental imbalances and ecological challenges. The present research paper analyzes the environmental problems caused by mining activities in Tijara Tehsil from a geographical perspective. The study provides a detailed examination of major impacts such as air pollution, decline in groundwater levels, contamination of water sources, land degradation, reduction in agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, and noise pollution. Furthermore, it highlights the effects of mining on local livelihoods, public health, and the social structure of the region. The study also explores the possibilities of achieving sustainable development while addressing the environmental challenges associated with mining activities. Abstract in Hindi Language: राजस्थान का अलवर जिला खनिज संपदा की दृष्टि से अत्यंत समृद्ध एवं महत्त्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र है, जहाँ विशेष रूप से तिजारा तहसील में पत्थर, बजरी तथा निर्माण सामग्री से संबंधित खनन गतिविधियाँ व्यापक स्तर पर संचालित की जाती हैं। विगत वर्षों में औद्योगिकीकरण, नगरीकरण तथा आधारभूत संरचनाओं के तीव्र विकास के कारण खनिज संसाधनों की मांग में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप खनन कार्यों का विस्तार हुआ है। यद्यपि इन गतिविधियों ने क्षेत्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था, रोजगार सृजन तथा औद्योगिक विकास को प्रोत्साहन प्रदान किया है, तथापि इनके कारण पर्यावरणीय असंतुलन एवं पारिस्थितिक संकट की समस्याएँ भी गंभीर रूप से उभरकर सामने आई हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में तिजारा तहसील में संचालित खनन गतिविधियों के फलस्वरूप उत्पन्न पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं का भौगोलिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन में वायु प्रदूषण, भूजल स्तर में गिरावट, जल स्रोतों के प्रदूषण, भूमि क्षरण, कृषि उत्पादकता में कमी, जैव विविधता के ह्रास तथा ध्वनि प्रदूषण जैसे प्रमुख प्रभावों का विस्तृत विवेचन किया गया है। साथ ही स्थानीय जनजीवन, स्वास्थ्य एवं सामाजिक संरचना पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों को भी स्पष्ट किया गया है। Keywords: खनन, पर्यावरणीय प्रभाव, तिजारा तहसील, भूमि क्षरण, जल प्रदूषण, सतत विकास।
Copper Sulphate Saline Etching: An Approach of Nontoxic Printmaking in Contemporary Indian Art
Toxicity is a major problem that aligns with chemical pollution affecting the environment and human health. Many commonly used hazardous art materials cause pollution within studios and have toxic effects on those involved in art practice. Especially in conventional printmaking, materials such as chemicals, acids, and petroleum-based solvents are hazardous and highly toxic. It is important to note that many non-hazardous alternatives for all four major methods of printmaking (relief, intaglio, planography, and stencil) have been developed since the late twentieth century by advanced printmakers around the world. Awareness of toxicity and sustainable art practices has been widely disseminated through internet platforms and various workshops, camps, and residency programmes in advanced countries since the beginning of the twenty-first century. However, non-toxic printmaking materials are highly expensive and are not readily available in the Indian market. Despite that, a few Indian printmakers have begun to practise non-toxic practices by sourcing and arranging the required materials from those available in the local market. Copper sulphate saline etching, also known as salt etching, is a process of intaglio matrix-making for aluminium and zinc plates that is non-hazardous and safer than conventional etching methods. The practice of this medium has been expanding in both institutional and contemporary contexts. This text discusses the activity and practice of “copper sulphate saline etching" and its outcomes in key Indian printmaking centres such as Delhi, Kolkata, and Santiniketan. The study focuses on qualitative research approaches that have inspired printmakers to explore new directions in Indian printmaking.
Current recommendations for immunization in children with cancer: A narrative review
Pediatric cancers are one of the leading causes of death by disease among children world-wide, with non-cancer related morbidity and mortality burden due to vaccine preventable diseases being disproportionately high in developing countries. Besides standard-dose chemotherapy, groundbreaking therapeutic approaches - Monoclonal antibodies (MA), small molecule Janus kinase inhibitors (JKI), Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T Cell) Therapy and Immune check point inhibitors (ICI) - have revolutionized oncology. This narrative review, collated until April 2026, elucidates key principles and enumerates relevant immunization strategies recommended by leading international bodies. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2013 and Italian Association Paediatric Haematology Oncology (AIEOP) 2025 guidelines recommend ‘only routine immunization/continuation with boosters’ (resuming the schedule starting from the suspended dose) starting 3-6 months after chemotherapy completion. In contrast, the British ‘The Children and Young People's Cancer Association’ (CCLG) 2026 and Australian Immunization Handbook 2026 guidelines explicitly recommend revaccination with a single dose (even if the series had been completed prior to chemotherapy), commencing 3 months after chemotherapy completion. Live vaccines are contraindicated during cancer therapy. Live vaccines should be administered at least 4 weeks prior to commencing treatment with MA. Due to strong immunosuppressive effects on B-cells and hypogammaglobulinemia, for Blinantunomab [Anti-CD19], Inotuzumab-ozogamicin [Anti-CD22], Rituximab and Obinutuzumab [Anti-CD20], non-live vaccines are to be administered 6 months after stopping therapy, while live vaccines can be administered 12 months later. For Brentuximab-vedotin [Anti-CD30] and Gentuzumab-ozogamicina [Anti-CD33], non-live vaccines are to be administered 4 and 5 weeks respectively after stopping therapy, while live vaccines can be administered 3 months later. Live vaccines are recommended 2-4 weeks before or at least 3 months after JKI therapy ends. Live vaccines should be administered at least 4 weeks before commencing pre-CAR-T conditioning regimens. Non-live vaccines are to be administered at least 3 months after stopping CAR-T regimen. Live vaccines can be administered after 12 months provided there is evidence of immune restitution (CD19+ or CD20+ B cells > 0.2 × 109/L and CD4+ T cells > 0.2 × 109/L), evidence of detectable IgA, and at least 8 months since the last intravenous immunoglobulin dose. All live vaccines must be completed 4 weeks before the first ICI infusion, or administered at least 3 months after the final ICI dose. Routine sibling/contact vaccinations should continue except for oral poliomyelitis vaccine, which is contraindicated.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Quality Dimensions of Pre-Service Secondary Teacher Education in Odisha: An Empirical Assessment of Infrastructure, Faculty Preparedness, Pedagogical Practices and Internship Experiences
Teacher education plays a pivotal role in determining the quality of school education. The present study examined the implementation of pre-service secondary teacher education programmes in Odisha in relation to the provisions of the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) Regulations, 2014. A descriptive survey design was employed to collect data from five B.Ed. institutions affiliated with Utkal University. The sample comprised 198 student teachers, 15 teacher educators, and institutional heads. Data were collected through structured and expert-validated questionnaires focusing on physical infrastructure, faculty qualifications, pedagogical practices, and internship modalities. The findings revealed that while the sampled institutions largely complied with basic infrastructural norms prescribed by NCTE, significant deficiencies were observed in inclusive education facilities, appointment of pedagogy specialists, and utilisation of technology for teaching-learning. Lecture and discussion methods continued to dominate classroom transactions, whereas ICT-integrated and learner-centred approaches were employed only to a limited extent. Although internship programmes provided substantial school exposure, their duration remained below the mandatory requirement of twenty weeks. The study further identified a persistent gap between theoretical preparation and classroom practice. The study concludes that strengthening faculty quality, ensuring inclusive infrastructure, enhancing technology integration, and improving internship implementation are essential for improving the quality of teacher education in Odisha.
Electronic Word of Mouth and Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Online Shopping: A Heuristic-Systematic Model Perspective
The increase in the number of digital platforms has changed consumer information systems. Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has emerged as one of the most influential factors shaping online purchasing decisions and impulsive buying behaviour among digital consumers. Academic interest in eWOM and impulsive buying behaviour (IBB) has increased. However, a theoretical explanation of the cognitive processes connecting these two constructs has yet to be developed. In this study, we examine the Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM) as a theoretical framework for explaining how eWOM characteristics trigger distinct cognitive processing paths. Consequently, it mediates impulsive buying behaviour in general e-commerce settings. We propose a conceptual model grounded in the fundamental theory of consumer behaviour, information processing theory and the latest empirical research. eWOM stimuli trigger either heuristic or systematic processing. Heuristic activation is the more likely antecedent of impulsive purchase decisions. Six theoretical propositions were made along with a discussion of the moderating variables. This study contributes to the development of theory and practical knowledge of digital consumer behaviour and offers avenues for future empirical research.
Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep Quality among Institutionalized Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Ageing is accompanied by physiological and psychosocial changes, among which sleep disturbances are highly prevalent. Poor sleep quality contributes to cognitive decline, reduced functional ability, and diminished quality of life. Institutionalized elderly are particularly vulnerable, making systematic assessment of sleep essential Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 elderly residents of selected old age homes in Madurai. Data were collected using a structured proforma and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a validated tool comprising 19 items across seven components. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze demographic variables and their association with sleep quality. Results: The findings revealed that nearly all participants experienced sleep disturbances, with 48% reporting moderate difficulties, 47% mild difficulties, and only 1% reporting good sleep. Regression analysis showed that age was the only significant determinant of sleep quality (p < 0.001), while other demographic variables such as gender, education, marital status, financial dependency, and chronic illness did not show significant associations. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among institutionalized elderly, with advancing age being the strongest predictor of sleep disturbances. These results highlight the need for comprehensive interventions—medical, psychosocial, and lifestyle-based—to improve sleep health and overall well-being in this vulnerable population.
Predictors of Academic Motivation and Its Impact on Performance in Nursing Education
Background: Academic motivation is a key determinant of success and retention in nursing education, influencing professional development, clinical competence, and quality care. Identifying predictors of motivation and its impact on performance is essential to strengthen nursing education outcomes. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was conducted among 144 first year B.Sc. Nursing students at a college in Tamil Nadu, selected through purposive sampling. Academic motivation was measured using the Academic Motivation Scale—College Version (AMS C 28), while academic performance was assessed through psychology examination scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis. Results: Findings revealed that the mean academic motivation score was 87.85 ± 8.34 out of 168 (Mean% = 52.28), with intrinsic motivation averaging 42.68 ± 5.41 out of 84 (50.82%) and extrinsic motivation 45.17 ± 3.91 out of 84 (53.77%). Academic performance scores averaged 59.38 ± 8.44 out of 100 (59.38%). A significant positive correlation was found between academic motivation and academic performance (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Most students demonstrated average levels of motivation (93%) and performance (91.7%). Regression analysis showed no significant association between demographic variables and motivation, while family income was inversely related to performance (B = –1.810, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Academic motivation plays a vital role in nursing education. Strengthening motivation through targeted educational strategies can improve academic outcomes and contribute to the preparation of competent nursing professionals.
As of 2026, approximately 37.6 per cent of India's population lives in urban areas, totalling over 555 million people. The annual growth rate of the urban population exceeds 2 per cent. It is estimated that by 2050, the urban population will reach over 50 per cent. The main characteristics of an urban area are high population density, predominance of non-agricultural occupations and advanced infrastructure. Correspondingly, there is a high level of heterogeneity, a fast-paced life and impersonal social relations. Urban women are victims of these vulnerabilities. In an effort to overcome the pressures of living, most of them take to employment. It requires education, skills, and competence to find a job. Those falling outside of it try to get involved in some income-generating activities, as mini or mega entrepreneurs, and become their own masters. However, due to a lack of technical competence, managerial skill, entrepreneurial talent, and, above all, financial backing, their efforts are undermined, keeping them struggling. At home, they are confronted with a huge pile of household work, caring for children and bonding with their spouse. Both together impact their ability to work-life balance. The urban environment has imposed an additional burden. The urban neighbourhoods are impersonal. Urban companionships are superficial. Workplace demands and societal perceptions, together with family expectations, torment her. She can neither be modern nor traditional. She has considerable freedom but is always under the scanner. She has many tasks to deliver, but is left with little authority or freedom to deliver. All this, deprived of a sense of security, the urban women feel miserable. Overcoming these existential struggles is a laborious task for an urban woman.
Rashtrakavi Maithili Sharan Gupt: A Powerful Voice of National Identity
Maithili Sharan Gupt is a national poet whose works reflect a remarkable synthesis of national consciousness, cultural pride, and human values. At a time when sensitivity toward national concerns often appears to be diminishing due to narrow political interests and personal ambitions, Gupt’s literature instills a sense of dedication and responsibility toward the nation. His national vision was inspired by the Indian ideal of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (the world is one family), yet he firmly believed that in times of crisis, national interest must take precedence. While deeply influenced by the Vaishnava tradition, his poetry was also shaped by the spirit of renaissance and reformist thought. Opposing superstitions and rigid social orthodoxies, he advocated the progressive and life-affirming aspects of Indian culture. Through his poetry, he expressed the ideals of an ideal society, a strong family system, and citizens of high moral character. Under the influence of the national awakening movement, Gupt’s literary works also prominently reflected themes of women’s awakening and social transformation. The active participation of women in the Indian freedom movement broadened his perspective, leading him to portray the inner world, struggles, and emotions of neglected and marginalized female characters with great sensitivity. Works such as Saket, Yashodhara, and Hidimba stand as excellent expressions of his concern for women’s experiences and emotions. Considering the welfare-oriented role of literature in society, it would not be an exaggeration to regard him as the Tulsidas of the modern age. The skill with which he connected India’s cultural heritage with modern national consciousness and contributed to the creation of new values has secured for him a unique and enduring place in Hindi literature. Abstract in Hindi Language: मैथिलीशरण गुप्त ऐसे राष्ट्रकवि हैं जिनकी रचनाओं में राष्ट्रीय चेतना, सांस्कृतिक गौरव और मानवीय मूल्यों का अद्भुत समन्वय दिखाई देता है। ऐसे समय में जब संकीर्ण राजनीतिक हितों और व्यक्तिगत स्वार्थों के कारण राष्ट्रीय सरोकारों के प्रति संवेदनशीलता क्षीण होती प्रतीत होती है, गुप्त जी का साहित्य हमें राष्ट्र के प्रति समर्पण और उत्तरदायित्व का बोध कराता है। उनकी राष्ट्रीय दृष्टि भारतीय परंपरा के “वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्” के आदर्श से प्रेरित थी, किंतु वे यह भी मानते थे कि संकट की घड़ी में राष्ट्रहित सर्वोपरि होता है। वैष्णव भावधारा से अनुप्राणित होने के साथ-साथ उनका काव्य नवजागरण और सुधारवादी चेतना से भी प्रभावित था। उन्होंने अंधविश्वासों और जड़ रूढ़ियों का विरोध करते हुए भारतीय संस्कृति के प्रगतिशील एवं जीवनोन्मुख स्वरूप का समर्थन किया तथा आदर्श समाज, सुदृढ़ परिवार और उच्च चरित्र वाले नागरिकों की कल्पना को अपने काव्य के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्ति दी। राष्ट्रीय नवजागरण के प्रभाव से मैथिलीशरण गुप्त की रचनाधर्मिता में नारी-जागरण और सामाजिक परिवर्तन की चेतना भी प्रमुख रूप से उभरकर सामने आती है। स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के दौर में स्त्रियों की सक्रिय भागीदारी ने उनकी दृष्टि को व्यापक बनाया, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप उन्होंने उपेक्षित एवं उपहासित नारी पात्रों के अंतर्मन, संघर्ष और संवेदनाओं को अपनी रचनाओं में प्रतिष्ठित किया। ‘साकेत’, ‘यशोधरा’ और ‘हिडिम्बा’ जैसी कृतियाँ उनकी नारी-संवेदना की उत्कृष्ट अभिव्यक्तियाँ हैं। साहित्य की लोकमंगलकारी भूमिका को दृष्टिगत रखते हुए उन्हें आधुनिक युग का तुलसीदास कहना अतिशयोक्ति नहीं होगी। जिस दक्षता के साथ उन्होंने भारतीय अतीत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत को आधुनिक राष्ट्रीय चेतना से जोड़कर नवीन मूल्यों का निर्माण किया, वह हिंदी साहित्य में उन्हें विशिष्ट और कालजयी स्थान प्रदान करती है। Keywords: मैथिलीशरण गुप्त, राष्ट्र चेतना, राष्ट्रभक्ति, राष्ट्र, अंतर्मन, संघर्ष, वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्।
Impact of Pond Rejuvenation on Groundwater Recharge in Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study from Haryana, India
Groundwater depletion has emerged as a critical issue in Haryana, India, primarily due to unsustainable agricultural practices and rapid urbanization. This paper explores the critical issue of groundwater depletion in Haryana, India, emphasizing the role of pond conservation and rejuvenation as a sustainable solution for enhancing groundwater recharge. The overexploitation of groundwater in Haryana which is primarily driven by water-intensive agricultural practices and rapid urbanization has led to alarming depletion rates particularly in regions reliant on tube wells for irrigation. The status of groundwater in Haryana is critical with average depletion rates showing a decline of over 10 meters in many districts since 1974 that clearly denotes the unsustainable extraction practices that have outpaced natural recharge in the state. Groundwater is vital for Haryana serving as the primary source for irrigation, which supports the state's agricultural sector. Additionally, the increasing urbanization and the diversifying economy also creates a huge demand for water. Given the region's arid climate and limited surface water resources, groundwater acts as a reliable source of water. In light of the growing water demand and declining groundwater levels, the sustainable management of this resource is crucial for ensuring long-term water security and ecological balance in Haryana. The study highlights the significance of ponds traditionally known as 'johads' as vital components of the hydrological cycle that can effectively replenish groundwater reserves and mitigate water scarcity. The study identifies challenges such as pollution and encroachment that threaten these water bodies and discusses ongoing conservation initiatives like the 'Mission Amrit Sarovar.' The findings underscore the need for a multi-faceted approach that includes strong policy enforcement, community involvement, and educational campaigns to ensure the sustainability of ponds and groundwater resources. Haryana can enhance its groundwater recharge potential by expanding the strategies of conservation and rejuvenation of ponds thereby ensuring water security and strengthening ecological resilience in the face of growing water demands.
Sorrowism and Mysticism in the Poetry of Mahadevi Verma in the Perspective of Feminine Consciousness
In the Chhayavadi era of Hindi literature, mysticism emerged as a major poetic tendency, the influence of which is reflected in the works of almost all the prominent poets of the period. However, the nature of mysticism in the poetry of Mahadevi Verma is expressed in a distinctive, profound, and highly refined manner. In her poetry, the spiritual relationship established between the individual soul and the Supreme Soul, the poignant experience of separation, and the quest for the divine beloved provide a strong foundation for mystical consciousness. In Mahadevi’s poetic vision, suffering, compassion, and spiritual devotion appear deeply interconnected. In the Indian literary tradition, mysticism has its roots in Vedic, Upanishadic, and Bhakti-period thought. However, some scholars regard it merely as an Indian adaptation of Western “mysticism.” In contrast, the mysticism of Mahadevi Verma is inspired by Indian cultural and philosophical traditions, in which self-realization, spiritual love, and devotion to the infinite power occupy a central place. In her poetry, mysticism is not merely a philosophical concept but a living experience that provides a new expression to feminine sensitivity, the consciousness of suffering, and spiritual awareness. Abstract in Hindi Language: हिंदी साहित्य के छायावादी युग में रहस्यभावना एक प्रमुख काव्य-प्रवृत्ति के रूप में विकसित हुई, जिसका प्रभाव उस युग के लगभग सभी प्रमुख कवियों के साहित्य में परिलक्षित होता है। तथापि महादेवी वर्मा के काव्य में रहस्यवाद का स्वरूप विशिष्ट, गहन तथा अधिक परिष्कृत रूप में अभिव्यक्त हुआ है। उनके काव्य में आत्मा और परमात्मा के मध्य स्थापित आध्यात्मिक संबंध, विरह की मार्मिक अनुभूति तथा अलौकिक प्रिय की खोज रहस्यवादी चेतना को सशक्त आधार प्रदान करती है। महादेवी की काव्य-दृष्टि में वेदना, करुणा और आध्यात्मिक अनुराग एक-दूसरे से गहरे रूप में संबद्ध दिखाई देते हैं। भारतीय साहित्यिक परंपरा में रहस्यवाद का आधार वैदिक, उपनिषदिक तथा भक्तिकालीन चिंतन में निहित रहा है, किंतु कुछ विद्वान इसे पाश्चात्य ‘मिस्टिसिज़्म’ का भारतीय रूपांतरण मात्र मानते हैं। इसके विपरीत महादेवी वर्मा का रहस्यवाद भारतीय सांस्कृतिक एवं दार्शनिक परंपरा से अनुप्राणित है, जिसमें आत्मानुभूति, आध्यात्मिक प्रेम और अनंत सत्ता के प्रति समर्पण की भावना प्रमुख है। उनके काव्य में रहस्यवाद केवल दार्शनिक अवधारणा न होकर एक जीवंत अनुभूति के रूप में उपस्थित है, जो स्त्री-संवेदना, दुःखबोध और आध्यात्मिक चेतना को नई अभिव्यक्ति प्रदान करता है। Keywords: महादेवी वर्मा, स्त्री-चेतना, दुःखवाद, रहस्यवाद, छायावाद, आध्यात्मिक प्रेम, वेदना-बोध, नारी संवेदना, आत्मानुभूति, काव्य-दृष्टि।
An Analytical Study of the Memoir Genre in Hindi Prose Literature
Among the various genres of Hindi prose literature, memoir has emerged as a highly significant, influential, and popular literary form. This genre serves as a powerful medium for the literary expression of human memories, experiences, emotions, and intimate relationships. In memoir literature, the writer presents individuals, events, circumstances, and experiences associated with their life on the basis of memory in an artistic and emotional style. It not only describes events but also expresses the writer's inner feelings, emotions, perspectives, and philosophy of life. The development of the memoir genre in Hindi literature took place particularly during the modern period. Beginning with the Bharatendu era and continuing through the Dwivedi era, Chhayavad, and the post-Chhayavad period, this genre witnessed continuous growth. Literary figures such as Mahadevi Verma, Banarsidas Chaturvedi, Vrindavanlal Verma, Ilachandra Joshi, and Prakashchandra Gupta made significant contributions to enriching this genre. The present research paper offers an analytical study of the nature, elements, developmental process, major trends, and relationship of Hindi memoir literature with other related literary genres. It also examines the literary and social significance of Hindi memoir literature. Abstract in Hindi Language: हिन्दी गद्य साहित्य की विविध विधाओं में संस्मरण एक अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण, प्रभावशाली तथा लोकप्रिय विधा के रूप में स्थापित हुआ है। यह विधा मानव जीवन की स्मृतियों, अनुभवों, संवेदनाओं तथा आत्मीय संबंधों की साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्ति का सशक्त माध्यम है। संस्मरण साहित्य में लेखक अपने जीवन से जुड़े व्यक्तियों, घटनाओं, परिस्थितियों और अनुभवों को स्मृति के आधार पर कलात्मक एवं भावात्मक शैली में प्रस्तुत करता है। इसमें केवल घटनाओं का वर्णन ही नहीं होता, बल्कि लेखक की आंतरिक संवेदना, मनोभाव, दृष्टिकोण तथा जीवन-दर्शन भी अभिव्यक्त होते हैं। हिन्दी साहित्य में संस्मरण विधा का विकास आधुनिक काल में विशेष रूप से हुआ। भारतेन्दु युग से प्रारम्भ होकर द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद तथा छायावादोत्तर युग में इस विधा ने निरन्तर विकास किया। महादेवी वर्मा, बनारसीदास चतुर्वेदी, वृन्दावनलाल वर्मा, इलाचन्द्र जोशी तथा प्रकाशचन्द्र गुप्त जैसे साहित्यकारों ने इस विधा को समृद्ध बनाने में महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में हिन्दी संस्मरण साहित्य के स्वरूप, तत्त्वों, विकास-क्रम, प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियों तथा अन्य निकटवर्ती विधाओं से उसके संबंध का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। साथ ही हिन्दी संस्मरण साहित्य की साहित्यिक एवं सामाजिक उपयोगिता पर भी विचार किया गया है। Keywords: संस्मरण, हिन्दी गद्य साहित्य, स्मृति, आत्मनिष्ठता, रेखाचित्र, आत्मकथा, संस्मरणकार।
The Gap between Academic English and Interactional English in Indian ELT
Academic literacy, or the formal, written language of exams and institutional settings, has long been given priority in English language instruction in India, but the interactional competence necessary for everyday communication has been generally overlooked. Using theoretical frameworks from applied linguistics and sociolinguistics, this research investigates the nature, causes, and effects of this division within the Indian ELT scene. The study makes the case through a critical analysis of pertinent literature that the excessive focus on academic English, which is maintained by grammar-translation pedagogy, examination-driven instruction, and insufficient teacher preparation, results in students who are linguistically proficient on paper but have limited communication skills in real life. The study also examines how this disparity is mediated by multilingualism, code-switching conventions, and the aspirational value of English in Indian society. Pedagogical suggestions are made for a more well-rounded strategy.
Effects of using YouTube on Infants: A Study on Parental Perspective
The present study was carried out to find out the effects of using YouTube on kids or infants. The study was descriptive type survey research in nature. The study was conducted on100 parents who had smartphone and using YouTube and whose children were studying in nine (9) different kindergarten schools (with age group 3-5 years) situated in the district of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. The data were collected by using self-made questionnaire which was constructed with 26 items/statements which were distributed into five (5) dimensions, like-Intellectual Aspect (7 items), Creativity Aspect (4 items), Health (Physical & Mental) Aspect (5 items), Behavioural Aspect (6 items) and Educational Aspect (4 items). The findings of the study showed that YouTube helps to develop intellectual capacity as well as skill of questioning among our infants. It also helps to develop creativity of the infants to little bit. It was interestingly found from the findings of the study that YouTube has a lot of negative effects on mental as well as physical health of our kids, such as it creates problems related to eating, eye and sleep. It was also found that YouTube creates many behavioural problems, such as became cranky or bad-tempered, showing undisciplined behaviours or activities and make crying illogically. Another important thing was found that educational aspect of the kids is also affected by watching YouTube. YouTube addiction makes infants reluctant to go to school sometimes and also disturbs their interest to study.
The Disconnect between Linguistic Accuracy and Communicative Effectiveness in Indian ELT
This paper examines the persistent disconnect between linguistic accuracy and communicative effectiveness in Indian English Language Teaching (ELT). Despite widespread grammatical instruction, many learners remain unable to communicate fluently and purposefully in real-world contexts. The Grammar-Translation Method, examination-driven pedagogy, poor teacher preparation, and sociocultural attitudes about English are the main causes maintaining this gap, according to the study, which draws on learner data, classroom observations, and applied linguistics scholarship. The paper argues for a balanced, contextualised communicative language teaching (CLT) approach suited to India's multilingual sociolinguistic reality, and discusses implications for assessment reform, teacher education, and language policy.
Study of Heat Treatment Processes for Crown Nuts
The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine the heat treatment parameters for 41Cr4 steel that ensure an optimal balance of hardness, strength, and ductility in crown wrenches. The novelty of the work includes comparing heat treatment times of 10 and 27 minutes during quenching, assessing the effect of partial qunching on the hardness distribution, and taking into account the influence of the geometric shape of the tool on the efficiency of the heat treatments cycle. The cumulative results demonstrate that a hardness range of 50-55 HRC is optimal for the steel crown wrench. The optimal hardening temperature range is 830-860 °C with a holding time of approximately 27 minutes.
Analysis of the Role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women
Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as an important and transformative instrument for the economic empowerment of rural women, creating a “silent revolution” in rural India. This study analyzes the role of SHGs based on economic, social, and financial indicators. Through SHGs, women’s access to banking services has increased from 30 percent to 95 percent, while their participation in household decision-making has risen from 20 percent to 75 percent. Analysis of annual income reveals that the proportion of women in the income category above ₹60,000 has increased by 41.7 percent, reflecting their economic advancement. SHGs have enabled women to become self-reliant through microfinance, savings, skill development, and entrepreneurship, freeing them from the exploitation of moneylenders. Institutions such as the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and the National Rural Livelihoods Mission have strengthened this model at the national level. The study also shows that SHGs are transforming women from “beneficiaries” into “active economic agents,” thereby promoting rural development and gender equality. Abstract in Hindi Language: ग्रामीण महिलाओं के आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण में स्वयं सहायता समूह (SHGs) एक महत्वपूर्ण और परिवर्तनकारी साधन के रूप में उभरे हैं, जिन्होंने ग्रामीण भारत में “मूक क्रांति” का निर्माण किया है। यह अध्ययन SHGs की भूमिका का विश्लेषण आर्थिक, सामाजिक और वित्तीय संकेतकों के आधार पर करता है। SHGs के माध्यम से महिलाओं की बैंकिंग पहुँच 30 प्रतिशत से बढ़कर 95 प्रतिशत हो गई है, जबकि घरेलू निर्णयों में उनकी भागीदारी 20 प्रतिशत से बढ़कर 75 प्रतिशत तक पहुँच गई है। वार्षिक आय के विश्लेषण से स्पष्ट होता है कि ₹60,000 से अधिक आय वर्ग में महिलाओं की हिस्सेदारी में 41.7 प्रतिशत की वृद्धि हुई है, जो उनकी आर्थिक उन्नति को दर्शाती है। SHGs ने सूक्ष्म वित्त, बचत, कौशल विकास और उद्यमिता के माध्यम से महिलाओं को साहूकारों के शोषण से मुक्त कर आत्मनिर्भर बनाया है। राष्ट्रीय कृषि और ग्रामीण विकास बैंक तथा राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण आजीविका मिशन जैसी संस्थाओं ने इस मॉडल को राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर सुदृढ़ किया है। अध्ययन यह भी दर्शाता है कि SHGs महिलाओं को ‘लाभार्थी’ से ‘सक्रिय आर्थिक कर्ता’ में परिवर्तित कर रहे हैं, जिससे ग्रामीण विकास और लैंगिक समानता को बढ़ावा मिल रहा है। Keywords: स्वयं सहायता समूह, आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण, सूक्ष्म वित्त, ग्रामीण विकास, महिला उद्यमिता, और वित्तीय समावेशन
Navigating Futures: Analysing Career Awareness Levels Among Undergraduate Students
In the contemporary era, Career Awareness serve as a critical tool for the undergraduate students, helping them to become an active planner of their own employability from passive recipients of information. By enhancing the career awareness, students can coordinate their aspirations with their individual strengths and find satisfying career options. The primary aim of the present study is to analyse the level of career awareness among undergraduate students and identify the factors influencing their future preparedness. A total of 300 undergraduate students drawn as sample for the study from Nayagarh District, Odisha. Self developed questionnaire based on different career information was used for data collection. The data were analysed through different analysis techniques like Mean, Standard deviation, percentage analysis, frequency, t-test and One way ANOVA by using SPSS software. The study revealed that majority of students (53.33%) have moderate level of career awareness. In relation to Academic stream, there is significant difference in career awareness level observed, with Commerce students (M = 147.57, SD = 12.806) have the highest career awareness level, followed by science students (M = 143.25, SD = 13.122), while Arts students (M = 134.20, SD = 11.802) recorded the lowest level. On the basis of gender analysis revealed that female (M = 145.46) possesses significantly higher career awareness than males (M = 140.81). Additionally, the result found that social media plays a significant for career guidance than the convectional campus facilities, a considerable number of students reported a lack of mentorship from their teachers. The study also showed that family influence and economic background significantly influencing the career awareness level. The findings of the study suggested that organization of career talks and integration of digital tools must be integrated in educational institutions for creating awareness among undergraduate students. Further it is recommended that career counsellor must be appointed in educational institutions on regular basis.
Future-Ready Learning: Integrating Technology to Enhance Adolescent Academic and Cognitive Development
Integration of technology to enhance learning experience of adolescent has transformed traditional learning methods, offering personalized, adaptive, and engaging experiences. Tools such as gamification, virtual labs, and collaborative platforms like Google Classroom have enhanced academic performance, motivation, and critical thinking. However, challenges like the digital divide, digital distractions, and insufficient teacher training hinder equitable access and effective implementation. Emerging technologies like AI, VR, and AR provide immersive, data-driven learning opportunities, fostering creativity and problem-solving skills. This research highlights the transformative potential of technology in education while emphasizing the need for robust infrastructure, teacher training, and digital literacy programs. By addressing these challenges, technology can create an inclusive, engaging, and future-ready learning environment for adolescents.