RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
type: channel
description: हिंदी में पढ़ें | ગુજરાતી માટે ક્લિક કરો RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal committed to advancing knowledge across a wide spectrum of disciplines through multidisciplinary research. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, and researchers from diverse academic backgrounds to publish original and high-quality work that bridges disciplinary boundaries and fosters innovative thinking. The journal welcomes submissions in multiple languages — English, Hindi, and Gujarati — to promote inclusive academic communication and support linguistic diversity in global scholarship. Journal Information Journal Start Year: January 2016 Journal Title: RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary ISSN (Online): 2455-3085 Impact Factor: 6.93 Crossref DOI: 10.31305/rrijm Frequency of Publication: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati Accessibility: Open Access Peer Review Process: Double Blind Peer Review Subject Coverage: Multidisciplinary Plagiarism Checker: Turnitin (Licensed) Publication Format: Online Article Acceptance Rate: 18% – 29% Contact Details Contact No.: +91-99784 40833 Email: editor@rrjournals.com Old Website: https://old.rrjournals.com/ New Website: https://rrjournals.com/ Address: 15, Kalyan Nagar, Shahpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380001 Key Features of RRIJM Journal was listed in UGC with Journal No. 44945 (Till 14-06-2019) Journal publishes online every month Online article submission system Standard double-blind peer review process
publisher: Research Review Publication
language: en
publication name: RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
issn: 2455-3085
items: Viksit Bharat and the Construction Sector: A Study
items: Yes, The Subaltern Can Speak: Draupadi/ Dopdi's Body, An Embodiment of Power in Mahasweta Devi's Short Story, "Draupadi"
items: Modi's Energy Diplomacy: Transforming India's Position in Global Hydrocarbon Markets
items: A Marxist Reading of In the Name of Honor by Mukhtar Mai
items: Folk Music Traditions of Himalayan Societies in the Age of Social Media
items: Illusion and Demystification of Reality
items: Muslim Women and Social Progression in Contemporary India: Education, Identity and Empowerment
items: A Blueprint to Enhance the Proficiency of Teachers in National Education Policy (NEP-2020)
items: Artificial Intelligence and Human Values: An Interdisciplinary Exploration
items: Status of Digital Preservation of Manuscripts and Rare Books: A Case Study of Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University, Bihar
items: US–China Relations through the Prism of the Thucydides Trap
items: Integrating Cooperative Learning Strategies in Teaching Creative Writing to Engineering Students: A Mixed-Methods Study
items: Social and Institutional Factors Determining the Functioning of the Canal Irrigation System – A Study on Sathanur Canal Irrigation in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu
items: An Indictment of Contemporary Society: A Re-reading of Charles Dickens' “Hard Times”
items: Dynamics of Rural Employment in Himachal Pradesh: Trends and Structural Transformation
items: Promoting Tax Literacy Through GST Education: Evidence from Student Perspectives
items: Assess the level of knowledge on Management by Objectives among II-year M.Sc., Nursing Students at College of Nursing, Madurai medical college, Madurai
items: Activity-Based Learning in Mathematics Teaching at the Primary Level: Needs, Challenges, and Prospects
items: Digital Acculturation: A Paradigm Shift in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
items: Confirmation of Superconductivity of the material by the Coil Method
items: The Cultural Background of the Shekhawati Region: A Study
items: Hinduism in the Ahom Kingdom: A Historical Analysis
items: Impact of Native Language on English Language Learning and Proficiency
items: Generative AI Use and Burnout Risk in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 50,000 Students
items: Emergence of Telugu Press
items: Resisting Patriarchy: Dina Dalal's Negotiation of Gender and Freedom in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance
items: Plagiarism Awareness and Prevention Strategies in Higher Education: A Multinational Literature Review
items: Digital Divide and Social Inclusion in Rural India: A Sociological Study
items: Position of Women in Toto Society and the Development of Education: A Historical and Socio-Cultural Study
items: Predictive Machine Learning Modeling of Laser Strengthening in Thin-Walled Steel Structures

Viksit Bharat and the Construction Sector: A Study
type: item
description: India is undergoing rapid economic, social, technological, and infrastructural transformation with the vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047. In this context, the construction sector plays a significant role in strengthening infrastructure, generating employment, promoting urban development, and supporting economic growth. The present study examines the contribution, development, challenges, and future prospects of the construction sector in the context of Viksit Bharat@2047. The study highlights the importance of roads, railways, airports, housing, industrial infrastructure, and urban facilities in enhancing connectivity and improving quality of life. It also examines the role of emerging technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, AR-VR, Mivan technology, and precast construction. The study identifies major challenges including financial constraints, environmental impacts, land acquisition, shortage of skilled manpower, and slow technology adoption. It concludes that sustainable construction, technological advancement, skill development, effective policies, and investment can significantly strengthen the construction sector's contribution to building a developed and sustainable India by 2047. Abstract in Gujarati Language: ભારત વર્ષ 2047 સુધીમાં વિકસિત રાષ્ટ્ર બનવાના લક્ષ્ય સાથે આર્થિક, સામાજિક, તકનીકી અને માળખાકીય પરિવર્તનના તબક્કામાંથી પસાર થઈ રહ્યું છે. આ સંદર્ભમાં બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્ર માળખાકીય સુવિધાઓના વિકાસ, રોજગારી સર્જન, શહેરી વિકાસ અને આર્થિક વૃદ્ધિમાં મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસમાં વિકસિત ભારત@2047ના સંદર્ભમાં બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્રના યોગદાન, વિકાસ, પડકારો અને ભવિષ્યની સંભાવનાઓનું અધ્યયન કરવામાં આવ્યું છે. રસ્તા, રેલવે, એરપોર્ટ, આવાસ, ઔદ્યોગિક માળખું અને શહેરી સુવિધાઓ દ્વારા કનેક્ટિવિટી તથા જીવનની ગુણવત્તામાં થતા સુધારાને વિશેષ મહત્વ આપવામાં આવ્યું છે. અભ્યાસમાં BIM, IoT, 3D પ્રિન્ટિંગ, AR-VR, મિવાન ટેક્નોલોજી અને પ્રિકાસ્ટ બાંધકામ જેવી આધુનિક ટેક્નોલોજીની ભૂમિકાનું પણ વિશ્લેષણ કરવામાં આવ્ય…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Viksit Bharat@2047
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Employment
  topic: keywords
creator: Priyanka R. Bilwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 306
ending page: 314
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n05.031

Yes, The Subaltern Can Speak: Draupadi/ Dopdi's Body, An Embodiment of Power in Mahasweta Devi's Short Story, "Draupadi"
type: item
description: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay, entitled "Can the Subaltern Speak?" draws the conclusion almost pessimistically that the subaltern can nowhere be found to speak in their own voice to ventilate their views. Nowhere they are found to be acting as an entity or as an agency. Rather instead of speaking on their own about themselves, they are rather spoken about by the First World academic scholars, In the short story, "Draupadi” produced by Mahasweta Devi there is an attempt to redress the wrongs and injustices perpetrated on the powerless and voiceless subaltern in the central character named Draupai/ Dopdi Mehjen. This paper examines how she invests Dopdi's body with power, voice and narrative to subvert the mythical timid Draupadi in ‘Vastraharan episode’ of the Classical epic, the Mahabharata. Devi deviates from the classical epic that legitimizes the authority of the patriarch and inverts the sexual and textual politics deeply embedded in male aggressive and chauvinistic attitude. In fine, this paper comes as a rejoinder to the pessimistic question raised by Spivak herself once.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deconstructive method
  topic: keywords
subject: marginalization
  topic: keywords
subject: gendered subaltern
  topic: keywords
subject: hegemony
  topic: keywords
subject: patriarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: male chauvinism
  topic: keywords
subject: female agency
  topic: keywords
subject: inversion of power
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamrunnessa Khatun
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 128
ending page: 134
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.014

Modi's Energy Diplomacy: Transforming India's Position in Global Hydrocarbon Markets
type: item
description: India's emergence as the world's third-largest energy consumer and its status as a net importer of approximately 85 percent of its crude oil requirements place energy security at the very heart of its foreign policy imperatives. However, the present prime minister, Narendra Modi, has adopted a highly proactive and strategically oriented policy approach to energy diplomacy that is very different from that of earlier governments which had relied on a more relationship-based policy. It highlights the various facets of Modi's energy diplomacy in the global hydrocarbon markets, including the diversification of crude oil import sources, leveraging India's buying power in a changing energy market, acquisition of overseas hydrocarbon assets, energy diplomacy of discounted Russian crude oil imports since 2022, India's engagement with OPEC+ countries, development of strategic petroleum reserves and at the same time, energy diplomacy of renewable energy as a complement to hydrocarbon diplomacy. The paper presents evidence from official policy pronouncements, IEA data and scholarly literature to demonstrate how the Modi government has strategically shifted the Indian energy paradigm from a passive price taker to one that is far more assertive in shaping global energy geopolitics. Yet, structural weaknesses, such as smaller refining capacity for non-Middle Eastern grades, reliance on the USD for oil trading and the dichotomy between fossil fuel reliance and climate pledges, remain to throttle India's energy strategic autonomy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: energy diplomacy
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrocarbon markets
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
subject: Modi
  topic: keywords
subject: oil imports
  topic: keywords
subject: OPEC
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic petroleum reserves
  topic: keywords
subject: energy security
  topic: keywords
subject: Russian crude
  topic: keywords
subject: energy transition
  topic: keywords
creator: Babusona Roy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 135
ending page: 140
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.015

A Marxist Reading of In the Name of Honor by Mukhtar Mai
type: item
description: The memoir In the Name of Honour (2006) by Mukhtar Mai recounts her traumatized experience of gang rape in rural Pakistan and her subsequent search to find justice but it must be seen as more than a personal story of violence. Her narrative reveals the interplay of feudal patriarchy, hierarchy of classes and collusion of the state to contribute to maintaining the oppression. One of the Marxist approaches emphasizes the assumption that the bodies of women are the spaces of material and symbolic dominance and that honour is the instrument of ideology in order to perpetuate the domination of the elites. The Marxist and feminist theoretical perspectives are approached to the experience of Mai in this paper, and the emphasis is on the interaction between economic and patriarchal oppression and political repression. It examines gendered violence as a form of control in the society as well as the influence of the feudal elites, state institutions and the culture. This increases the submissiveness of the classes and even sexes. At the same time, the paper points to the resistance of Mai - her decision to advertise, to seek justice, to construct educational facilities - as a revolutionary kind of practice, which confronts the structures of oppression, which are deeply ingrained. By the close of it all, her memoir is not only a survival but it is also a highly critical examination of how power is dramatized, just as personal positions can become political positions and how individual efforts can be collectivized.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theoretical prisms
  topic: keywords
subject: feudal elites
  topic: keywords
subject: state institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: collective action
  topic: keywords
creator: Manisha Titus
creator: Gulista Jawed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 292
ending page: 297
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n06.031

Folk Music Traditions of Himalayan Societies in the Age of Social Media
type: item
description: Situated in the western Himalayas, ‘Himachal Pradesh’ possesses a rich heritage of folk music traditions that form the very soul of its cultural identity. Music accompanies every stage of human life in the region, and people perform various rites and ceremonies ‘from birth’ to ‘death’, through the medium of song and musical expression. These folk music traditions serve as vital markers of cultural identity and are deeply embedded in the spiritual, religious, social, economic, and cultural fabric of society. They are closely associated with seasonal festivals, deity traditions, community celebrations, and collective memories, reflecting their profound significance in the everyday lives of the people of ‘Himachal Pradesh’. In contemporary times, the rise of social media has influenced both the condition and direction of the region’s folk music traditions. As a result, the processes of preservation, dissemination, and presentation of these age-old traditions have gained unprecedented reach and visibility. This research paper analyses the impact of social media on Himalayan folk music traditions, examining both its positive and negative dimensions. The findings reveal that digital platforms have contributed significantly to the preservation of folk culture, enhanced its global recognition, encouraged youth participation, and expanded economic opportunities for folk artists. At the same time, challenges such as commercialization, cultural distortion, and the erosion of authenticity have also emerged. In conclusion, the expansive nature of social media can be viewed both as a transformative and remarkable force for Himalayan folk music and as a challenging medium. Therefore, balanced cultural policies and community-based initiatives are essential for safeguarding the authenticity, spiritual character, and traditional essence of folk music.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Folk Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Himalayan Folk Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Himachali Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Digitization
  topic: keywords
creator: Manoj Verma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 141
ending page: 151
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.016

Illusion and Demystification of Reality
type: item
description: Ancient texts speak of " MAYA " as a depiction of illusion. In everyday life, we hear and see many events. We undergo many experiences. We try to comprehend reality based on these and build hasty understandings. But they mislead us to erroneous conclusions because we are shielded from reality by the cloud of illusion. Literally, all our understandings are clouded by mundane mismatch. These so-called substitutes for reality drive us into contracting illusions that cloud our perceptions through seeing, hearing, knowing, feeling, experiencing and comprehending. Discovering truths helps us to overcome illusions. Uncovering illusions is the ability to understand reality from bundles of fakes, even when far from it. Literally, all of us perceive illusions to varying degrees, wholly, some partly and some in some instances and few in many or all instances. These illusions amount to creating blindness because they present only masked truths. It contributes to a total or partial blindness to truth and inability to think rationally. Fear, Anger, Jealousy, Suspicion, Sorrow, and Greed are momentary impulses, manifested in varying degrees depending on the intensity of involvement, that constantly interact with Time, Place, Person, Object, Action, and Context to trigger distortions in our vision of the social world, leading to the generation of illusions. An alternate template views life-reality as represented by one's own ‘Self ‘at the epicentre of a symbolic notional framework built of Love, Lust, Duty and Devotion around it, and Sincerity, Control, Responsibility and Respect reinforcing it. Here, the attempt is to demystify illusions by reconstructing a matrix of the human mindset and conceptualising a matrix of illusion, to examine how they are interconnected.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Illusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Matrix
  topic: keywords
subject: Lust
  topic: keywords
subject: Template
  topic: keywords
creator: P.M. Suresh Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 152
ending page: 157
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.017

Muslim Women and Social Progression in Contemporary India: Education, Identity and Empowerment
type: item
description: The core population of this study, Indian Muslim women, have long been mired in marginalization due to the intersection of multiple identities including gender and religion. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and steady improvements in access to education, they still face structural barriers across many fields. In recent years, their circumstances have undergone significant transformations driven by modernization. This study took working Muslim women residing in Kolkata as its research subjects. It adopted a descriptive research design, recruited 50 participants through purposive sampling, and collected primary survey data, secondary literature, and official statistical data to conduct the research. This study examines the associations between five core factors: education, employment, identity construction, family support, and women’s empowerment, and identifies barriers to empowerment encountered by this group of women. The study finds that higher education and employment can significantly improve women’s core capabilities, and that family support forms a critical foundation for empowerment. At present, four major barriers remain: workplace discrimination, patriarchal traditions, religious stereotypes, and insufficient institutional support. This study puts forward five key targeted measures. The group in question has shifted from being passive recipients of social change to active contributors. This study adds to existing sociological discussions, and also provides actionable policy recommendations to advance gender equality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Muslim women
  topic: keywords
subject: empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: social change
  topic: keywords
subject: identity
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
creator: Nagma Begum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 158
ending page: 167
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.018

A Blueprint to Enhance the Proficiency of Teachers in National Education Policy (NEP-2020)
type: item
description: The Goal of NEP-2020 is to provide inclusive and quality education for all. Therefore, more attention has been given to teacher education in these. There is talk of conducting diploma and certificate course for the training of Anganwadi; workers. Creation of NCFTE has also been suggested to improve teacher education. Also explain the need for peer teaching and bilingual teaching. The purpose of the teacher and his respect have also been discussed in the recommendation of teacher service reform TET and 04-year B.Ed. degree in the minimum qualification requirement for teachers at foundation primary, model & secondary levels. Attention has been given to minimizing the transfer to teachers and making it online. The need for continuous practical development (CPD) and credit management programs (CMP) for teachers has been highlighted the now formal of teacher education is to be developed in colleges & university with 1 year 2- & 4-year B.Ed. courses which are essentially multidisciplinary & integrated. So that teachers can be prepared for quality education in inclusiveness for all.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inclusive education
  topic: keywords
subject: quality education
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Multidisciplinary
  topic: keywords
creator: Navdeep Kumar Maurya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 168
ending page: 171
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.019

Artificial Intelligence and Human Values: An Interdisciplinary Exploration
type: item
description: The rapid and profound transformation of society brought about by Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises critical and complex questions concerning its alignment with core human values and ethical principles. This article thoroughly examines the intricate relationship between the development of AI technologies and the ethical imperatives necessary to guide the creation of human-centered AI systems. Emphasizing the importance of embedding human values—such as fairness, transparency, privacy, and accountability—within AI frameworks, the study highlights how such integration is essential to ensure AI drives positive societal impacts while effectively minimizing associated risks and potential harms. This research underscores the urgent need for ethical reflection and proactive design strategies in AI development to safeguard human dignity and promote equitable outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ethical principles
  topic: keywords
subject: human-centered AI systems
  topic: keywords
subject: positive societal impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: risks
  topic: keywords
subject: potential harms
  topic: keywords
creator: Malay Kumar Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 172
ending page: 175
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.020

Status of Digital Preservation of Manuscripts and Rare Books: A Case Study of Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University, Bihar
type: item
description: With the advancement of digital technologies, libraries are shifting from physical to digital resources. Manuscripts are essential primary sources for our historical legacy. The aim of this article is to identify the status, online accessibility, and methods used in the digital preservation of the manuscripts and rare collections of Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University, Bihar. This paper discusses how to preserve manuscripts and rare books for future generations through government initiatives such as the National Mission for Manuscripts (NNM) and the Gyan Bharatam Mission. This paper used both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a questionnaire and the institute's official website. The Nava Nalanda Mahavihara was a Manuscripts Conservation Centre and functioned under the aegis of the NMM, New Delhi, for the preservation and conservation of these manuscripts, as required. Currently, the Nava Nalanda Mahavihara has been designated as the Manuscripts Cluster Centre by the Gyan Bharatam Mission, Ministry of Culture, GOI, to preserve and digitise manuscripts for future generations and safeguard our cultural heritage. The Gyan Bharatam Mission, which works under the Union Culture Ministry, signed memorandums of understanding with approximately 20 institutions nationwide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Manuscripts
  topic: keywords
subject: Rare books
  topic: keywords
subject: Nava Nava Mahavihara (NNM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Preservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Rajnandani
creator: Sapna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 176
ending page: 183
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.021

US–China Relations through the Prism of the Thucydides Trap
type: item
description: In the twenty-first century, the incredible rise of China is altering the landscape of the world, both politically as well as economically. The economic miracle of China has transformed it from an agricultural society to a highly advanced industrial one. If the 20th century belonged to the USA, many policymakers across the world predict that the 21st century will be a 'Chinese Century'. The rapid growth of China's economy, in turn, has catapulted China to a position where it has become one of the most powerful and influential powers of the world. However, with increasing power and resources, China has now become more aggressive and assertive in its approach, which has alienated its neighbours and aroused suspicion about its “peaceful rise” throughout the world. In this connection, this paper attempts to examine and analyse the nature of China’s rise, whether it would be peaceful or threat to the regional peace and stability. It also tries to explain whether the USA and China would be able to avoid the ‘Thucydides Trap’. This paper concludes that China’s rise is likely to intensify strategic competition with the USA and increase concerns regarding regional security and the existing international order. While China’s increasing strength may encourage greater regional assertiveness and competition with the USA, such rivalry does not necessarily make the ‘Thucydides Trap’ inevitable. The future trajectory of US-China relations will depend significantly on how both powers manage strategic competition, crises, and changes in the distribution of global power.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: China
  topic: keywords
subject: USA
  topic: keywords
subject: conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: peaceful rise
  topic: keywords
subject: international system
  topic: keywords
subject: Thucydides Trap
  topic: keywords
creator: Shabir Rehman Sheikh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 184
ending page: 191
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.022

Integrating Cooperative Learning Strategies in Teaching Creative Writing to Engineering Students: A Mixed-Methods Study
type: item
description: Creative writing is increasingly relevant in engineering education because it develops linguistic competence, imagination, critical thinking, empathy, collaboration, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. However, engineering students frequently perceive writing as an individual linguistic exercise rather than a creative and collaborative process. Conventional teacher-centred approaches may provide limited opportunities for interaction, peer learning, idea generation, and collaborative revision. The present study investigates the effectiveness of integrating cooperative learning strategies into the teaching of creative writing to engineering students. A mixed-methods research design was adopted to examine changes in students’ creative writing performance and their perceptions of cooperative learning. For the illustrative research model presented in this paper, 60 first-year engineering students participated in a six-week instructional intervention. Students worked in heterogeneous cooperative groups and participated in brainstorming, think-pair-share, collaborative story construction, peer feedback, group editing, and reflective activities. Pre- and post-intervention creative writing tasks were evaluated using a rubric covering content and originality, organization, vocabulary and language use, creativity, and coherence. Quantitative findings from the illustrative dataset indicate an improvement in mean writing scores from 61.8 in the pre-test to 76.9 in the post-test. Qualitative evidence from student reflections and focus-group interactions suggests that cooperative learning supported idea generation, reduced writing anxiety, strengthened peer interaction, and encouraged students to revise their writing more critically. The paper argues that structured cooperative learning can transform creative writing instruction for engineering students from an individual language exercise into an interactive process of generating, negotiating, drafting, reviewing, a…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cooperative Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Creative Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering Students
  topic: keywords
subject: English Language Teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Peer Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Collaborative Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication Skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Nandkumar Shinde
creator: Ramkishan Bhise
creator: Ram Doke
creator: Nivedita Patel
creator: Vaishanavi Madan Haral
creator: Nupur Nitin Doiphode
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-17
publication date: 2026-08-17
starting page: 01
ending page: 13
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n08.001

Social and Institutional Factors Determining the Functioning of the Canal Irrigation System – A Study on Sathanur Canal Irrigation in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu
type: item
description: These serve as vital irrigation sources for agriculture while also functioning as reservoirs with significant economic, social, aesthetic, and environmental utility. This article examines the water resource management practices within the Sathanur Canal irrigation area in the Tiruvannamalai district. Irrigation management enhances equity and water-use efficiency in agriculture while also improving the socio-economic status of farmers. This view has been confirmed through interviews conducted with farmers, members of water users' associations, and irrigation department officials. This article successfully utilises farmers' opinions and perspectives to shed light on the level of awareness regarding the irrigation management activities and performance of Water Users Associations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Canal Irrigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Command Areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Reservoirs Water Users' Associations
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Udhayakumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-17
publication date: 2026-08-17
starting page: 14
ending page: 22
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n08.002

An Indictment of Contemporary Society: A Re-reading of Charles Dickens' “Hard Times”
type: item
description: Charles Dickens, one of the greatest Victorian novelists, was not merely an entertainer but also a crusader for a better and more humane world than the world he lived in. Right from the start as a creative artist he exposed evils. For example, in his novel “Pickwick Papers” he mightily satirizes electioneering methods, the tricks of lawyers, the limitations of the law and some other aspects of contemporary life. But in his early novels, social criticism was a secondary element. As his powers matured, it became his dominant concern. He wrote movingly when he lashed out at the maladies with which he found society to be afflicted. Dickens' indictment of contemporary society in his remarkable novel “Hard Times” (1854) is more searching and thoroughgoing than in any other novels. Apart from presenting Bounderby in an unfavourable light as an individual, he focuses on some of the basic assumptions of the Victorian social set-up. He strikes at the system of education based on the doctrine of Utilitarianism as well as the economic theory of laissez-faire.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Utilitarianism
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: dehumanizing
  topic: keywords
subject: laissez-faire
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial society
  topic: keywords
subject: materialism
  topic: keywords
creator: Subhendu Purkait
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-17
publication date: 2026-08-17
starting page: 23
ending page: 27
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n08.003

Dynamics of Rural Employment in Himachal Pradesh: Trends and Structural Transformation
type: item
description: This study examines the dynamics of rural employment in Himachal Pradesh in the context of structural transformation using secondary data from the Census of India, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Economic Surveys, and other official sources. The analysis reveals that although the contribution of agriculture to the state's economy has declined, it continues to employ the majority of the rural workforce. Self-employment remains the dominant form of employment, while regular salaried employment has increased gradually and casual labour has declined. The study concludes that rural employment is diversifying at a slow pace and highlights the need to strengthen non-farm enterprises, skill development, MSMEs, and rural infrastructure to promote sustainable and inclusive employment generation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural employment
  topic: keywords
subject: structural transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: non-farm employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Himachal Pradesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashok Kumar
creator: Dharam Pal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 192
ending page: 202
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.023

Promoting Tax Literacy Through GST Education: Evidence from Student Perspectives
type: item
description: The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has significantly transformed the indirect taxation system, making it essential for commerce students to develop a strong conceptual and practical understanding of GST as a part of their overall financial literacy. In this context, the present study aims to examine the need for introducing GST as a subject within the academic curriculum, particularly in commerce education. The research further analyzes the perception of students towards GST as a subject, with a specific focus on students pursuing Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com) and Master of Commerce (M. Com). The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to B.Com and M.Com students. The research helps in exploring the awareness and interest of GST and how it is perceived by the students. Additionally, the research helps to understand how relevant the students find GST if it is added to the curriculum and the challenges associated with teaching obstacles including lack of practical training and experience of teachers. The research is helpful to get an insight on the student attitude towards the GST education and the importance of including GST as one of a main subject in the commerce courses. On the basis of analysis through this study, suitable suggestions are made towards the improvement of teaching faculty as well as student’s ability to retain the core practical concepts of GST as a subject. It involves building of a curriculum and syllabus that includes use of case studies, and integration of digital tools.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Goods and Services Tax (GST)
  topic: keywords
subject: GST education
  topic: keywords
subject: tax literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: commerce students
  topic: keywords
subject: student perception
  topic: keywords
subject: academic curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: tax education
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: practical learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Jyoti Soi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 298
ending page: 311
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n06.032

Assess the level of knowledge on Management by Objectives among II-year M.Sc., Nursing Students at College of Nursing, Madurai medical college, Madurai
type: item
description: Background: Management by Objectives (MBO) serves as a strategic administrative framework designed to enhance institutional effectiveness through the mutual definition of goals by supervisors and subordinates. Within the domain of nursing administration, contemporary nurse leaders are expected to possess a solid grasp of strategic management approaches to ensure optimal patient care delivery and institutional productivity. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of understanding regarding MBO among second-year Master of Science in Nursing students enrolled at the College of Nursing, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether there exists a statistically meaningful relationship between the participants’ comprehension levels and their selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A non-experimental, descriptive research framework was adopted for this investigation. A total of 24 participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, which was divided into two sections: one capturing demographic details and the other addressing fundamental aspects of MBO, including its operational procedures, advantages, and constraints within nursing contexts. The gathered data were subsequently examined using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The study outcomes indicated that out of the 24 respondents, the majority—21 individuals (87.5%)—demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge pertaining to MBO. In contrast, two participants (8.33%) exhibited below-average comprehension, while only one respondent (4.16%) achieved an above-average knowledge score. The overall mean knowledge score was recorded as 10.16, with a standard deviation of ±2.17. Furthermore, a statistically significant connection was established between the participants’ knowledge levels and certain demographic variables. C…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Management by Objectives
  topic: keywords
subject: M. Sc Nursing students
  topic: keywords
subject: Nursing administration
  topic: keywords
creator: T Praveena
creator: Venguchamy Selvi
creator: J Jeyaprabha
creator: Pon Malar M Evangelin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 203
ending page: 209
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.024

Activity-Based Learning in Mathematics Teaching at the Primary Level: Needs, Challenges, and Prospects
type: item
description: Primary education is considered the foundation of any nation's educational system, as it is at this stage that the foundations for students' intellectual, logical, and creative development are established. Mathematics is a subject that extends beyond numerical knowledge and plays an important role in developing problem-solving skills, logical thinking, analytical abilities, and decision-making competencies. Despite this, many students at the school level perceive mathematics as a difficult, monotonous, and intimidating subject. Traditional lecture-based teaching methods often fail to adequately encourage students' active participation, curiosity, and experiential learning, resulting in only superficial acquisition of mathematical concepts. In this context, Activity-Based Learning (ABL) has emerged as a teaching approach that makes students active participants in the learning process. This approach seeks to make mathematical concepts accessible, interesting, and meaningful through direct experience, collaborative learning, games, projects, experiments, and real-life situations. The National Education Policy 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework 2023 also recognize child-centred, experiential, and activity-based learning as essential for improving the quality of school education. From this perspective, activity-based learning is not merely an alternative teaching method but an effective and contemporary approach aligned with changing educational needs. This research paper presents a critical analysis of the need for activity-based learning, the practical and institutional challenges associated with its implementation, and its future prospects. Drawing upon Indian and international research studies, national educational policies, curriculum-related documents, and contemporary pedagogical perspectives, the paper examines how activity-based learning can contribute to making mathematics teaching at the primary level more effective, participatory, and relevant to ever…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Activity-Based Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics Teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Experiential Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: National Education Policy 2020
  topic: keywords
subject: Child-Centred Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Active Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Anita Rani
creator: Sarita Karadwal
creator: Vipin Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-17
publication date: 2026-08-17
starting page: 28
ending page: 38
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n08.004

Digital Acculturation: A Paradigm Shift in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
type: item
description: With the advent of Artificial Intelligence, the development of digital acculturation was started. It includes individuals and community’s acceptance, adaption, negotiation and internalization of digital technologies and the cultural norms. This has got inculcated within various stake holders over the time and resulted into acculturation (digital integration) as a whole. Kerala is the India's first state to be 100% digitally literate. This was accomplished through the state-wide Digi Keralam initiative, which was aimed to reach the community level, to ensure everyone’s participation invariable of their age and internet skills. This paper explores the ways in which AI-mediated systems influenced the dynamics and pathways by which individuals learn to be digitally literate, digitally identity, and engage with digitally mediated culture. We review the social constructivist in the view of technology, known as the Social Construction of Technology, (SCOT) and post humanist perspectives, and draw on the ideas of acculturation theory to examine the effects of algorithmic curation, generative content tools and personalized recommendation engines on patterns of cultural transmission and social cohesion. The study highlights some of the paradoxes that have arisen in this paradigm shift: cultural homogenization and hyper-individualized content silos; greater agency in creating content and reliance on opaque algorithmic gatekeepers; and global connectivity and cementing inequalities in access to and representation in AI technologies. The Ethical issues of AI-assisted collecting, such as cultural appropriation of indigenous knowledge, and the loss of common culture and public culture, are considered and examined. This paper proposes a reimagining of digital collecting in the age of AI, one that should consider the co-creation of meaning between humans and machines and the need for policy measures to protect cultural diversity, access, and individual agency in an increasingly algo…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Acculturation
  topic: keywords
subject: Digi Keralam initiative
  topic: keywords
subject: digital integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Acculturation
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Construction of Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ravi Kumar Singh
creator: Kiran Priti
creator: Prakash Kumar Choudhary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 111
ending page: 120
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.012

Confirmation of Superconductivity of the material by the Coil Method
type: item
description: This article is basically based on the design of the coil method. The coil method is also known as the inductive method or AC susceptibility method. It is a simple, sensitive and non-destructive technique use to confirm the superconductivity in the material. Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism when cooled below their critical temperature. In the coil method the sample is placed between the coils carrying alternating current. As the sample is cooled below its critical temperature, it expels magnetic flux due to the Meissner effect, causing a change in the coil’s inductance, impedance. These changes are measured using suitable electronic instruments and indicate the onset of superconductivity. The coil method is widely used in research laboratories because it provides accurate determination of the critical temperature without requiring direct electrical contact with the sample. It is an important technique for studying superconducting material and has applications in physics research. I have used this technique on BSCCO sample and collect the data. The critical temperature of BSCCO is found to be 92 K using this coil method.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Superconductivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Inductance
  topic: keywords
subject: Impedance
  topic: keywords
subject: Meissner effect and magnetic flux
  topic: keywords
creator: Aslam Mohammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 106
ending page: 110
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.011

The Cultural Background of the Shekhawati Region: A Study
type: item
description: Like Indian culture as a whole, the culture of Shekhawati is deeply rooted in spirituality; however, it possesses a remarkable ability to assimilate diverse traditions and influences. The Shekhawati region is located in the north-eastern part of Rajasthan, and its rich natural resources attracted various communities from outside, who gradually settled in the region. Since Delhi served as the capital of several ruling dynasties, its administrative and cultural influence continuously extended over Shekhawati. Over time, several civilizations flourished in the region, among which the Ganeshwar Civilization, contemporary to the Harappan Civilization, holds particular historical significance. Ancient sculptures suggest that the people of Shekhawati practiced polytheism, worshipping multiple deities while also venerating local folk deities. The arrival of the Aryans influenced the traditional modes of worship practiced in the region; however, monotheistic traditions did not gain prominence here. Ancient temples were centres of Vedic rituals, including yajnas (sacrificial rituals) and havans (fire offerings), and the practice of animal sacrifice was widespread. This tradition continues to be observed at certain Shakti Peethas and shrines dedicated to local folk deities even today. Abstract in Hindi Language: भारतीय संस्कृति की तरह शेखावाटी की संस्कृति आध्यात्मिकता से जुड़ी हुई है, किन्तु समग्र को आत्मसात करने की उसमें अपूर्व शक्ति है। शेखावाटी अंचल राजस्थान के उत्तर-पूर्व में स्थित है, जिसके कारण बाहर से आने वाली जातियाँ यहाँ की प्राकृतिक सम्पदा को देखकर स्थापित होती गई। दिल्ली में अनेक राजवंशों की राजधानी रही जिसकी शासन व्यवस्था का शेखावाटी पर निरन्तर प्रभाव बना रहा। समय पर अनेक सभ्यताएँ यहाँ विकसित हुई होगी, किन्तु हड़प्पा सभ्यता के समकालीन गणेश्वर-सभ्यता अपना विशेष महत्त्व रखती है। प्राचीन मूर्तियों के माध्यम से यह कहा जा सकता है कि शेखावाटी में बहुदेवों की पूजा की परम्परा थी, तथा साथ-साथ लोक देवताओं का भी सम्मान किया जाता था। आर्यों के आगमन से यहाँ की परम्परागत पूजा-पद्ध…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Background
  topic: keywords
subject: Customs and Traditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Dress and Attire
  topic: keywords
subject: Folk Culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Subhash Chandra Nehra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 121
ending page: 127
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.013

Hinduism in the Ahom Kingdom: A Historical Analysis
type: item
description: The Ahom Kingdom, founded in the early thirteenth century by the Tai-Ahoms under Sukaphaa, witnessed a gradual yet significant process of religious and cultural transformation. Originally followers of the Tai indigenous religion based on ancestor worship and animistic beliefs, the Ahoms gradually assimilated with the socio-cultural traditions of the Brahmaputra Valley. The process of Hinduisation was neither sudden nor imposed; rather, it evolved through sustained interaction with local communities, political alliances, intermarriages, the patronage of Brahmins, and the growing influence of Neo-Vaishnavism. The process of Hinduisation accelerated from the sixteenth century onwards. Successive Ahom rulers adopted Hindu rituals, titles, and customs while retaining several elements of their traditional faith. By the seventeenth century, Hinduism had become the dominant religious and political ideology of the Ahom state, contributing to the formation of a composite Assamese identity. This paper examines the historical process of Hinduisation among Ahoms and its influence in the Ahom Kingdom.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ahom Kingdom
  topic: keywords
subject: Hinduism
  topic: keywords
subject: Ahoms
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaishnavism
  topic: keywords
subject: Saivism
  topic: keywords
subject: Saktism
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhanupriya Daimari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 55
ending page: 63
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.006

Impact of Native Language on English Language Learning and Proficiency
type: item
description: This study evaluates the effect of native language interference implementing Telugu as native in the learning and proficiency with English language of eighth-grade learners in an Indian multi-lingual setting. The study seeks to investigate how first language (L1) structures disrupt second language (L2) acquisition, including speaking ability and its impact on reading comprehension. Based on both quantitative (regression analysis) and qualitative (classroom observation and surveys) methods, the research demonstrates a strong negative correlation between code-mixed speech patterns that are Telugu-influenced and English reading efficiency. The results indicate that phonetic, grammatical, and lexical variations between English and Telugu are responsible for consistent errors in English use and that code-mixing is a habitual but productive strategy. The research highlights the necessity of pedagogical interventions like contrastive grammar teaching, phonological training, and vocabulary building to counter L1 interference. The findings make a contribution to the wider body of second language acquisition and provide practical recommendations for enhancing English teaching in native language dominant contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Native Language influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Code-mixing
  topic: keywords
subject: English
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Proficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Telugu
  topic: keywords
subject: Interference
  topic: keywords
creator: Balla R S S V Rao
creator: N. Solomon Benny
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 99
ending page: 105
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.010

Generative AI Use and Burnout Risk in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 50,000 Students
type: item
description: The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has raised concerns about student well-being, dependency, and skill retention. This study examined the associations between GenAI use, perceived dependency, academic context, burnout risk, and skill retention. A secondary cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 students was conducted using descriptive analysis, machine-learning models, and behavioural clustering. High burnout was reported by 25.0% of students and was most strongly associated with weekly GenAI use, perceived dependency, and exam-related anxiety. A distinct cluster of intensive GenAI users showed a High-burnout rate of 62.3% and lower mean skill retention than the remaining clusters. The binary XGBoost model achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.802, the three-class model achieved a macro F1 score of 0.538, and the skill-retention model explained 13.6% of the variance. The findings suggest that intensive GenAI use and perceived dependency are associated with increased burnout risk, while skill retention reflects a broader combination of behavioural and academic factors, although no causal conclusions can be drawn.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: generative artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: student burnout
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: skill retention
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Viroslava Kapustynska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 84
ending page: 98
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.009

Emergence of Telugu Press
type: item
description: Indian Journalism and development of press was started with the freedom movement. Earlier Christian missionaries had started papers for religious propagation. The press also played prominent role in organizing social and cultural renaissance movements. The brutal tax collection practices of the East India Company, pressures of Christian missionaries for religious conversions the subject of the initial newspapers. The first indigenous Telugu paper ‘Vrithanthini’ started in Madras in 1838. Initial newspapers tried to repromoted Indian philosophies and self respect among the people. Kandukuri Veeresalingam published his writings in ‘Purushardha Pradhayani’ founded by Úma Ranganayakulu in 1872. Kandukuri Veeresalingam tried to expose the contemporary issues like anti-development, the bribe takers, superstitions etc., Due to the oppressive rule of Nizam news papers did not emerge in the Telangana region for a long time.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development of Telugu press
  topic: keywords
subject: Vrithathini
  topic: keywords
subject: Purushardha Pradhayani
  topic: keywords
subject: Sathihitha Bhodhini
  topic: keywords
subject: Desamatha
  topic: keywords
creator: B Nagabhushana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 77
ending page: 83
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.008

Resisting Patriarchy: Dina Dalal's Negotiation of Gender and Freedom in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance
type: item
description: Rohinton Mistry's novel A Fine Balance has been widely studied for its portrayal of the Emergency, caste oppression, poverty and marginalization, but comparatively little attention has been given to its exploration of patriarchy through Dina Dalal. This paper examines Dina's continuous negotiation with patriarchal power in her pursuit of dignity, autonomy and economic independence. Despite belonging to the privileged Parsi community, she faces gender discrimination within her family and struggles against the authority of her elder brother. Her quest for selfhood, however, is repeatedly undermined by familial coercion, economic insecurity and the socio-political realities of the Emergency. The paper argues that Mistry presents patriarchy not merely as a domestic structure but as one reinforced by broader social and political forces. By situating Dina's condition within the power-structure of gender politics, it demonstrates how her persistent resistance exposes the fragile condition of female autonomy in post-Independence Indian society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patriarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Female Agency
  topic: keywords
subject: Parsi Woman
  topic: keywords
subject: Dina Dalal
  topic: keywords
creator: Tanmoy Ruidas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 300
ending page: 305
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n05.030

Plagiarism Awareness and Prevention Strategies in Higher Education: A Multinational Literature Review
type: item
description: Plagiarism remains a major academic and ethical challenge in higher education, intensified by easy digital access and inconsistent institutional policies. This review synthesizes global and Indian studies (1998–2025) to assess students’ awareness of plagiarism, its causes, and effective prevention strategies. Research across Australia, Sweden, Pakistan, Nigeria, Japan, Malaysia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, India, and China show that students often have low to moderate understanding of plagiarism, struggle to identify its forms, and lack accurate citation skills. Even postgraduate students exhibit notable gaps. Contributing factors include poor writing skills, academic pressure, fear of failure, and socio-cultural leniency toward academic misconduct. Weak institutional guidelines and insufficient training further worsen the problem. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that structured instruction, academic integrity training, and skill-based writing support significantly enhance awareness. The review highlights the need for clearer policies, faculty development, and systematic plagiarism education to promote academic integrity in higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plagiarism
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Integrity
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Kirti Singh
creator: Pankaj Singh
creator: Roshani Kushwaha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 64
ending page: 76
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n07.007

Digital Divide and Social Inclusion in Rural India: A Sociological Study
type: item
description: The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed communication, education, employment, healthcare, and governance. However, unequal access to digital resources has created a significant digital divide, limiting opportunities for many individuals and communities. This study examines the digital divide from a sociological perspective, focusing on how disparities in access to the internet, digital devices, and technological skills influence social inclusion. It explores the impact of socio-economic status, education, gender, age, geographical location, and disability on digital participation and the resulting inequalities. The study argues that digital exclusion extends beyond the lack of technological infrastructure to include differences in digital literacy, affordability, and the ability to effectively utilize digital services. These disparities often reinforce existing social inequalities by restricting access to education, employment opportunities, healthcare services, financial systems, and civic participation. Particular attention is given to marginalized populations, including rural communities, economically disadvantaged groups, women, older adults, and persons with disabilities, who continue to face significant barriers in the digital era. Using a sociological framework, the research emphasizes that achieving social inclusion requires coordinated efforts from governments, educational institutions, private organizations, and civil society. Policies promoting affordable internet access, digital literacy, inclusive technological design, and equitable digital infrastructure are essential for reducing digital inequalities. The study concludes that bridging the digital divide is not merely a technological challenge but a social imperative that fosters equal opportunities, social justice, and inclusive development. Addressing these issues is fundamental to ensuring that the benefits of digital transformation are accessible to all members of society, there…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Social development
  topic: keywords
creator: S G Siddagangaiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 282
ending page: 291
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n06.030

Position of Women in Toto Society and the Development of Education: A Historical and Socio-Cultural Study
type: item
description: This manuscript-ready version examines the changing position of women in Toto society and the historical development of education among the Totos of Totopara. It synthesizes historical evidence, published literature and the author's compiled material into an analytical discussion suitable for journal submission. It argues that expanding educational opportunities have contributed to women's social participation, while economic constraints and geographical isolation continue to influence higher educational attainment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Toto tribe
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: tribal society
  topic: keywords
subject: North Bengal
  topic: keywords
creator: Narugopal Kaibarta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 268
ending page: 272
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n06.028

Predictive Machine Learning Modeling of Laser Strengthening in Thin-Walled Steel Structures
type: item
description: Local laser strengthening is an effective method for improving the mechanical performance of thin-walled steel structures without increasing their thickness or weight. This review summarizes recent developments in predictive approaches to laser strengthening and presents a hybrid framework that combines finite element analysis with machine learning. The approach integrates the physical accuracy of finite element simulations with the computational efficiency of data-driven methods. It provides a basis for efficient prediction and inverse optimization across a broad range of laser processing parameters and treatment patterns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: local laser strengthening
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: process optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Viroslava Kapustynska
creator: Oleksandr Kapustynskyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 273
ending page: 281
doi: 10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n06.029