RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
हिंदी में पढ़ें | ગુજરાતી માટે ક્લિક કરો RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal committed to advancing knowledge across a wide spectrum of disciplines through multidisciplinary research. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, and researchers from diverse academic backgrounds to publish original and high-quality work that bridges disciplinary boundaries and fosters innovative thinking. The journal welcomes submissions in multiple languages — English, Hindi, and Gujarati — to promote inclusive academic communication and support linguistic diversity in global scholarship. Journal Information Journal Start Year: January 2016 Journal Title: RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary ISSN (Online): 2455-3085 Impact Factor: 6.93 Crossref DOI: 10.31305/rrijm Frequency of Publication: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati Accessibility: Open Access Peer Review Process: Double Blind Peer Review Subject Coverage: Multidisciplinary Plagiarism Checker: Turnitin (Licensed) Publication Format: Online Article Acceptance Rate: 18% – 29% Contact Details Contact No.: +91-99784 40833 Email: editor@rrjournals.com Old Website: https://old.rrjournals.com/ New Website: https://rrjournals.com/ Address: 15, Kalyan Nagar, Shahpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380001 Key Features of RRIJM Journal was listed in UGC with Journal No. 44945 (Till 14-06-2019) Journal publishes online every month Online article submission system Standard double-blind peer review process
Viksit Bharat and the Construction Sector: A Study
India is undergoing rapid economic, social, technological, and infrastructural transformation with the vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047. In this context, the construction sector plays a significant role in strengthening infrastructure, generating employment, promoting urban development, and supporting economic growth. The present study examines the contribution, development, challenges, and future prospects of the construction sector in the context of Viksit Bharat@2047. The study highlights the importance of roads, railways, airports, housing, industrial infrastructure, and urban facilities in enhancing connectivity and improving quality of life. It also examines the role of emerging technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, AR-VR, Mivan technology, and precast construction. The study identifies major challenges including financial constraints, environmental impacts, land acquisition, shortage of skilled manpower, and slow technology adoption. It concludes that sustainable construction, technological advancement, skill development, effective policies, and investment can significantly strengthen the construction sector's contribution to building a developed and sustainable India by 2047. Abstract in Gujarati Language: ભારત વર્ષ 2047 સુધીમાં વિકસિત રાષ્ટ્ર બનવાના લક્ષ્ય સાથે આર્થિક, સામાજિક, તકનીકી અને માળખાકીય પરિવર્તનના તબક્કામાંથી પસાર થઈ રહ્યું છે. આ સંદર્ભમાં બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્ર માળખાકીય સુવિધાઓના વિકાસ, રોજગારી સર્જન, શહેરી વિકાસ અને આર્થિક વૃદ્ધિમાં મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસમાં વિકસિત ભારત@2047ના સંદર્ભમાં બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્રના યોગદાન, વિકાસ, પડકારો અને ભવિષ્યની સંભાવનાઓનું અધ્યયન કરવામાં આવ્યું છે. રસ્તા, રેલવે, એરપોર્ટ, આવાસ, ઔદ્યોગિક માળખું અને શહેરી સુવિધાઓ દ્વારા કનેક્ટિવિટી તથા જીવનની ગુણવત્તામાં થતા સુધારાને વિશેષ મહત્વ આપવામાં આવ્યું છે. અભ્યાસમાં BIM, IoT, 3D પ્રિન્ટિંગ, AR-VR, મિવાન ટેક્નોલોજી અને પ્રિકાસ્ટ બાંધકામ જેવી આધુનિક ટેક્નોલોજીની ભૂમિકાનું પણ વિશ્લેષણ કરવામાં આવ્યું છે. ભંડોળની અછત, પર્યાવરણીય અસર, જમીન સંપાદન, કુશળ માનવબળની અછત અને ટેક્નોલોજી અપનાવવાની ધીમી ગતિ જેવા પડકારો ઓળખવામાં આવ્યા છે. અભ્યાસ નિષ્કર્ષ આપે છે કે ટકાઉ બાંધકામ, આધુનિક ટેક્નોલોજી, કૌશલ્ય વિકાસ, અસરકારક નીતિઓ અને રોકાણ દ્વારા 2047 સુધી વિકસિત તથા ટકાઉ ભારતના નિર્માણમાં બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્રનું યોગદાન વધુ મજબૂત બની શકે છે. Keywords: વિકસિત ભારત@2047, બાંધકામ ક્ષેત્ર, માળખાકીય વિકાસ, રોજગારી
Yes, The Subaltern Can Speak: Draupadi/ Dopdi's Body, An Embodiment of Power in Mahasweta Devi's Short Story, "Draupadi"
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay, entitled "Can the Subaltern Speak?" draws the conclusion almost pessimistically that the subaltern can nowhere be found to speak in their own voice to ventilate their views. Nowhere they are found to be acting as an entity or as an agency. Rather instead of speaking on their own about themselves, they are rather spoken about by the First World academic scholars, In the short story, "Draupadi” produced by Mahasweta Devi there is an attempt to redress the wrongs and injustices perpetrated on the powerless and voiceless subaltern in the central character named Draupai/ Dopdi Mehjen. This paper examines how she invests Dopdi's body with power, voice and narrative to subvert the mythical timid Draupadi in ‘Vastraharan episode’ of the Classical epic, the Mahabharata. Devi deviates from the classical epic that legitimizes the authority of the patriarch and inverts the sexual and textual politics deeply embedded in male aggressive and chauvinistic attitude. In fine, this paper comes as a rejoinder to the pessimistic question raised by Spivak herself once.
Modi's Energy Diplomacy: Transforming India's Position in Global Hydrocarbon Markets
India's emergence as the world's third-largest energy consumer and its status as a net importer of approximately 85 percent of its crude oil requirements place energy security at the very heart of its foreign policy imperatives. However, the present prime minister, Narendra Modi, has adopted a highly proactive and strategically oriented policy approach to energy diplomacy that is very different from that of earlier governments which had relied on a more relationship-based policy. It highlights the various facets of Modi's energy diplomacy in the global hydrocarbon markets, including the diversification of crude oil import sources, leveraging India's buying power in a changing energy market, acquisition of overseas hydrocarbon assets, energy diplomacy of discounted Russian crude oil imports since 2022, India's engagement with OPEC+ countries, development of strategic petroleum reserves and at the same time, energy diplomacy of renewable energy as a complement to hydrocarbon diplomacy. The paper presents evidence from official policy pronouncements, IEA data and scholarly literature to demonstrate how the Modi government has strategically shifted the Indian energy paradigm from a passive price taker to one that is far more assertive in shaping global energy geopolitics. Yet, structural weaknesses, such as smaller refining capacity for non-Middle Eastern grades, reliance on the USD for oil trading and the dichotomy between fossil fuel reliance and climate pledges, remain to throttle India's energy strategic autonomy.
A Marxist Reading of In the Name of Honor by Mukhtar Mai
The memoir In the Name of Honour (2006) by Mukhtar Mai recounts her traumatized experience of gang rape in rural Pakistan and her subsequent search to find justice but it must be seen as more than a personal story of violence. Her narrative reveals the interplay of feudal patriarchy, hierarchy of classes and collusion of the state to contribute to maintaining the oppression. One of the Marxist approaches emphasizes the assumption that the bodies of women are the spaces of material and symbolic dominance and that honour is the instrument of ideology in order to perpetuate the domination of the elites. The Marxist and feminist theoretical perspectives are approached to the experience of Mai in this paper, and the emphasis is on the interaction between economic and patriarchal oppression and political repression. It examines gendered violence as a form of control in the society as well as the influence of the feudal elites, state institutions and the culture. This increases the submissiveness of the classes and even sexes. At the same time, the paper points to the resistance of Mai - her decision to advertise, to seek justice, to construct educational facilities - as a revolutionary kind of practice, which confronts the structures of oppression, which are deeply ingrained. By the close of it all, her memoir is not only a survival but it is also a highly critical examination of how power is dramatized, just as personal positions can become political positions and how individual efforts can be collectivized.
Folk Music Traditions of Himalayan Societies in the Age of Social Media
Situated in the western Himalayas, ‘Himachal Pradesh’ possesses a rich heritage of folk music traditions that form the very soul of its cultural identity. Music accompanies every stage of human life in the region, and people perform various rites and ceremonies ‘from birth’ to ‘death’, through the medium of song and musical expression. These folk music traditions serve as vital markers of cultural identity and are deeply embedded in the spiritual, religious, social, economic, and cultural fabric of society. They are closely associated with seasonal festivals, deity traditions, community celebrations, and collective memories, reflecting their profound significance in the everyday lives of the people of ‘Himachal Pradesh’. In contemporary times, the rise of social media has influenced both the condition and direction of the region’s folk music traditions. As a result, the processes of preservation, dissemination, and presentation of these age-old traditions have gained unprecedented reach and visibility. This research paper analyses the impact of social media on Himalayan folk music traditions, examining both its positive and negative dimensions. The findings reveal that digital platforms have contributed significantly to the preservation of folk culture, enhanced its global recognition, encouraged youth participation, and expanded economic opportunities for folk artists. At the same time, challenges such as commercialization, cultural distortion, and the erosion of authenticity have also emerged. In conclusion, the expansive nature of social media can be viewed both as a transformative and remarkable force for Himalayan folk music and as a challenging medium. Therefore, balanced cultural policies and community-based initiatives are essential for safeguarding the authenticity, spiritual character, and traditional essence of folk music.
Ancient texts speak of " MAYA " as a depiction of illusion. In everyday life, we hear and see many events. We undergo many experiences. We try to comprehend reality based on these and build hasty understandings. But they mislead us to erroneous conclusions because we are shielded from reality by the cloud of illusion. Literally, all our understandings are clouded by mundane mismatch. These so-called substitutes for reality drive us into contracting illusions that cloud our perceptions through seeing, hearing, knowing, feeling, experiencing and comprehending. Discovering truths helps us to overcome illusions. Uncovering illusions is the ability to understand reality from bundles of fakes, even when far from it. Literally, all of us perceive illusions to varying degrees, wholly, some partly and some in some instances and few in many or all instances. These illusions amount to creating blindness because they present only masked truths. It contributes to a total or partial blindness to truth and inability to think rationally. Fear, Anger, Jealousy, Suspicion, Sorrow, and Greed are momentary impulses, manifested in varying degrees depending on the intensity of involvement, that constantly interact with Time, Place, Person, Object, Action, and Context to trigger distortions in our vision of the social world, leading to the generation of illusions. An alternate template views life-reality as represented by one's own ‘Self ‘at the epicentre of a symbolic notional framework built of Love, Lust, Duty and Devotion around it, and Sincerity, Control, Responsibility and Respect reinforcing it. Here, the attempt is to demystify illusions by reconstructing a matrix of the human mindset and conceptualising a matrix of illusion, to examine how they are interconnected.
Muslim Women and Social Progression in Contemporary India: Education, Identity and Empowerment
The core population of this study, Indian Muslim women, have long been mired in marginalization due to the intersection of multiple identities including gender and religion. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and steady improvements in access to education, they still face structural barriers across many fields. In recent years, their circumstances have undergone significant transformations driven by modernization. This study took working Muslim women residing in Kolkata as its research subjects. It adopted a descriptive research design, recruited 50 participants through purposive sampling, and collected primary survey data, secondary literature, and official statistical data to conduct the research. This study examines the associations between five core factors: education, employment, identity construction, family support, and women’s empowerment, and identifies barriers to empowerment encountered by this group of women. The study finds that higher education and employment can significantly improve women’s core capabilities, and that family support forms a critical foundation for empowerment. At present, four major barriers remain: workplace discrimination, patriarchal traditions, religious stereotypes, and insufficient institutional support. This study puts forward five key targeted measures. The group in question has shifted from being passive recipients of social change to active contributors. This study adds to existing sociological discussions, and also provides actionable policy recommendations to advance gender equality.
A Blueprint to Enhance the Proficiency of Teachers in National Education Policy (NEP-2020)
The Goal of NEP-2020 is to provide inclusive and quality education for all. Therefore, more attention has been given to teacher education in these. There is talk of conducting diploma and certificate course for the training of Anganwadi; workers. Creation of NCFTE has also been suggested to improve teacher education. Also explain the need for peer teaching and bilingual teaching. The purpose of the teacher and his respect have also been discussed in the recommendation of teacher service reform TET and 04-year B.Ed. degree in the minimum qualification requirement for teachers at foundation primary, model & secondary levels. Attention has been given to minimizing the transfer to teachers and making it online. The need for continuous practical development (CPD) and credit management programs (CMP) for teachers has been highlighted the now formal of teacher education is to be developed in colleges & university with 1 year 2- & 4-year B.Ed. courses which are essentially multidisciplinary & integrated. So that teachers can be prepared for quality education in inclusiveness for all.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Values: An Interdisciplinary Exploration
The rapid and profound transformation of society brought about by Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises critical and complex questions concerning its alignment with core human values and ethical principles. This article thoroughly examines the intricate relationship between the development of AI technologies and the ethical imperatives necessary to guide the creation of human-centered AI systems. Emphasizing the importance of embedding human values—such as fairness, transparency, privacy, and accountability—within AI frameworks, the study highlights how such integration is essential to ensure AI drives positive societal impacts while effectively minimizing associated risks and potential harms. This research underscores the urgent need for ethical reflection and proactive design strategies in AI development to safeguard human dignity and promote equitable outcomes.
Status of Digital Preservation of Manuscripts and Rare Books: A Case Study of Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University, Bihar
With the advancement of digital technologies, libraries are shifting from physical to digital resources. Manuscripts are essential primary sources for our historical legacy. The aim of this article is to identify the status, online accessibility, and methods used in the digital preservation of the manuscripts and rare collections of Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University, Bihar. This paper discusses how to preserve manuscripts and rare books for future generations through government initiatives such as the National Mission for Manuscripts (NNM) and the Gyan Bharatam Mission. This paper used both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a questionnaire and the institute's official website. The Nava Nalanda Mahavihara was a Manuscripts Conservation Centre and functioned under the aegis of the NMM, New Delhi, for the preservation and conservation of these manuscripts, as required. Currently, the Nava Nalanda Mahavihara has been designated as the Manuscripts Cluster Centre by the Gyan Bharatam Mission, Ministry of Culture, GOI, to preserve and digitise manuscripts for future generations and safeguard our cultural heritage. The Gyan Bharatam Mission, which works under the Union Culture Ministry, signed memorandums of understanding with approximately 20 institutions nationwide.
US–China Relations through the Prism of the Thucydides Trap
In the twenty-first century, the incredible rise of China is altering the landscape of the world, both politically as well as economically. The economic miracle of China has transformed it from an agricultural society to a highly advanced industrial one. If the 20th century belonged to the USA, many policymakers across the world predict that the 21st century will be a 'Chinese Century'. The rapid growth of China's economy, in turn, has catapulted China to a position where it has become one of the most powerful and influential powers of the world. However, with increasing power and resources, China has now become more aggressive and assertive in its approach, which has alienated its neighbours and aroused suspicion about its “peaceful rise” throughout the world. In this connection, this paper attempts to examine and analyse the nature of China’s rise, whether it would be peaceful or threat to the regional peace and stability. It also tries to explain whether the USA and China would be able to avoid the ‘Thucydides Trap’. This paper concludes that China’s rise is likely to intensify strategic competition with the USA and increase concerns regarding regional security and the existing international order. While China’s increasing strength may encourage greater regional assertiveness and competition with the USA, such rivalry does not necessarily make the ‘Thucydides Trap’ inevitable. The future trajectory of US-China relations will depend significantly on how both powers manage strategic competition, crises, and changes in the distribution of global power.
Integrating Cooperative Learning Strategies in Teaching Creative Writing to Engineering Students: A Mixed-Methods Study
Creative writing is increasingly relevant in engineering education because it develops linguistic competence, imagination, critical thinking, empathy, collaboration, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. However, engineering students frequently perceive writing as an individual linguistic exercise rather than a creative and collaborative process. Conventional teacher-centred approaches may provide limited opportunities for interaction, peer learning, idea generation, and collaborative revision. The present study investigates the effectiveness of integrating cooperative learning strategies into the teaching of creative writing to engineering students. A mixed-methods research design was adopted to examine changes in students’ creative writing performance and their perceptions of cooperative learning. For the illustrative research model presented in this paper, 60 first-year engineering students participated in a six-week instructional intervention. Students worked in heterogeneous cooperative groups and participated in brainstorming, think-pair-share, collaborative story construction, peer feedback, group editing, and reflective activities. Pre- and post-intervention creative writing tasks were evaluated using a rubric covering content and originality, organization, vocabulary and language use, creativity, and coherence. Quantitative findings from the illustrative dataset indicate an improvement in mean writing scores from 61.8 in the pre-test to 76.9 in the post-test. Qualitative evidence from student reflections and focus-group interactions suggests that cooperative learning supported idea generation, reduced writing anxiety, strengthened peer interaction, and encouraged students to revise their writing more critically. The paper argues that structured cooperative learning can transform creative writing instruction for engineering students from an individual language exercise into an interactive process of generating, negotiating, drafting, reviewing, and refining ideas.
Social and Institutional Factors Determining the Functioning of the Canal Irrigation System – A Study on Sathanur Canal Irrigation in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu
These serve as vital irrigation sources for agriculture while also functioning as reservoirs with significant economic, social, aesthetic, and environmental utility. This article examines the water resource management practices within the Sathanur Canal irrigation area in the Tiruvannamalai district. Irrigation management enhances equity and water-use efficiency in agriculture while also improving the socio-economic status of farmers. This view has been confirmed through interviews conducted with farmers, members of water users' associations, and irrigation department officials. This article successfully utilises farmers' opinions and perspectives to shed light on the level of awareness regarding the irrigation management activities and performance of Water Users Associations.
An Indictment of Contemporary Society: A Re-reading of Charles Dickens' “Hard Times”
Charles Dickens, one of the greatest Victorian novelists, was not merely an entertainer but also a crusader for a better and more humane world than the world he lived in. Right from the start as a creative artist he exposed evils. For example, in his novel “Pickwick Papers” he mightily satirizes electioneering methods, the tricks of lawyers, the limitations of the law and some other aspects of contemporary life. But in his early novels, social criticism was a secondary element. As his powers matured, it became his dominant concern. He wrote movingly when he lashed out at the maladies with which he found society to be afflicted. Dickens' indictment of contemporary society in his remarkable novel “Hard Times” (1854) is more searching and thoroughgoing than in any other novels. Apart from presenting Bounderby in an unfavourable light as an individual, he focuses on some of the basic assumptions of the Victorian social set-up. He strikes at the system of education based on the doctrine of Utilitarianism as well as the economic theory of laissez-faire.
Dynamics of Rural Employment in Himachal Pradesh: Trends and Structural Transformation
This study examines the dynamics of rural employment in Himachal Pradesh in the context of structural transformation using secondary data from the Census of India, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Economic Surveys, and other official sources. The analysis reveals that although the contribution of agriculture to the state's economy has declined, it continues to employ the majority of the rural workforce. Self-employment remains the dominant form of employment, while regular salaried employment has increased gradually and casual labour has declined. The study concludes that rural employment is diversifying at a slow pace and highlights the need to strengthen non-farm enterprises, skill development, MSMEs, and rural infrastructure to promote sustainable and inclusive employment generation.
Promoting Tax Literacy Through GST Education: Evidence from Student Perspectives
The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has significantly transformed the indirect taxation system, making it essential for commerce students to develop a strong conceptual and practical understanding of GST as a part of their overall financial literacy. In this context, the present study aims to examine the need for introducing GST as a subject within the academic curriculum, particularly in commerce education. The research further analyzes the perception of students towards GST as a subject, with a specific focus on students pursuing Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com) and Master of Commerce (M. Com). The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to B.Com and M.Com students. The research helps in exploring the awareness and interest of GST and how it is perceived by the students. Additionally, the research helps to understand how relevant the students find GST if it is added to the curriculum and the challenges associated with teaching obstacles including lack of practical training and experience of teachers. The research is helpful to get an insight on the student attitude towards the GST education and the importance of including GST as one of a main subject in the commerce courses. On the basis of analysis through this study, suitable suggestions are made towards the improvement of teaching faculty as well as student’s ability to retain the core practical concepts of GST as a subject. It involves building of a curriculum and syllabus that includes use of case studies, and integration of digital tools.
Assess the level of knowledge on Management by Objectives among II-year M.Sc., Nursing Students at College of Nursing, Madurai medical college, Madurai
Background: Management by Objectives (MBO) serves as a strategic administrative framework designed to enhance institutional effectiveness through the mutual definition of goals by supervisors and subordinates. Within the domain of nursing administration, contemporary nurse leaders are expected to possess a solid grasp of strategic management approaches to ensure optimal patient care delivery and institutional productivity. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of understanding regarding MBO among second-year Master of Science in Nursing students enrolled at the College of Nursing, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether there exists a statistically meaningful relationship between the participants’ comprehension levels and their selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A non-experimental, descriptive research framework was adopted for this investigation. A total of 24 participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, which was divided into two sections: one capturing demographic details and the other addressing fundamental aspects of MBO, including its operational procedures, advantages, and constraints within nursing contexts. The gathered data were subsequently examined using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The study outcomes indicated that out of the 24 respondents, the majority—21 individuals (87.5%)—demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge pertaining to MBO. In contrast, two participants (8.33%) exhibited below-average comprehension, while only one respondent (4.16%) achieved an above-average knowledge score. The overall mean knowledge score was recorded as 10.16, with a standard deviation of ±2.17. Furthermore, a statistically significant connection was established between the participants’ knowledge levels and certain demographic variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that a substantial proportion of the study participants (87.5%) possessed an average understanding of MBO, whereas a smaller fraction fell into below-average or above-average categories. The results underscore the necessity for organized educational interventions, such as structured training sessions or workshops, aimed at strengthening the administrative and strategic competencies of nursing students before they assume leadership responsibilities in clinical settings.
Activity-Based Learning in Mathematics Teaching at the Primary Level: Needs, Challenges, and Prospects
Primary education is considered the foundation of any nation's educational system, as it is at this stage that the foundations for students' intellectual, logical, and creative development are established. Mathematics is a subject that extends beyond numerical knowledge and plays an important role in developing problem-solving skills, logical thinking, analytical abilities, and decision-making competencies. Despite this, many students at the school level perceive mathematics as a difficult, monotonous, and intimidating subject. Traditional lecture-based teaching methods often fail to adequately encourage students' active participation, curiosity, and experiential learning, resulting in only superficial acquisition of mathematical concepts. In this context, Activity-Based Learning (ABL) has emerged as a teaching approach that makes students active participants in the learning process. This approach seeks to make mathematical concepts accessible, interesting, and meaningful through direct experience, collaborative learning, games, projects, experiments, and real-life situations. The National Education Policy 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework 2023 also recognize child-centred, experiential, and activity-based learning as essential for improving the quality of school education. From this perspective, activity-based learning is not merely an alternative teaching method but an effective and contemporary approach aligned with changing educational needs. This research paper presents a critical analysis of the need for activity-based learning, the practical and institutional challenges associated with its implementation, and its future prospects. Drawing upon Indian and international research studies, national educational policies, curriculum-related documents, and contemporary pedagogical perspectives, the paper examines how activity-based learning can contribute to making mathematics teaching at the primary level more effective, participatory, and relevant to everyday life. It also emphasizes that successful implementation of this approach requires necessary improvements in teacher training, availability of resources, school infrastructure, assessment systems, and educational administration. The study provides a useful reference for teachers, teacher educators, curriculum developers, education administrators, and researchers working in the field of education, while offering meaningful suggestions for making primary mathematics education more innovative, inclusive, and learner-centred in the future. Abstract in Hindi Language: प्राथमिक शिक्षा किसी भी राष्ट्र की शैक्षिक व्यवस्था का आधार मानी जाती है, क्योंकि इसी स्तर पर विद्यार्थियों के बौद्धिक, तार्किक तथा सृजनात्मक विकास की नींव रखी जाती है। गणित ऐसा विषय है जो केवल संख्यात्मक ज्ञान तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि यह समस्या-समाधान, तार्किक चिंतन, विश्लेषणात्मक क्षमता तथा निर्णय लेने की दक्षता के विकास में भी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। इसके बावजूद विद्यालयी स्तर पर गणित को अनेक विद्यार्थी कठिन, नीरस एवं भय उत्पन्न करने वाले विषय के रूप में अनुभव करते हैं। पारंपरिक व्याख्यान-आधारित शिक्षण पद्धतियाँ प्रायः विद्यार्थियों की सक्रिय भागीदारी, जिज्ञासा तथा अनुभवात्मक अधिगम को पर्याप्त रूप से प्रोत्साहित नहीं कर पातीं, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप गणितीय अवधारणाओं का अधिग्रहण सतही रह जाता है। इन परिस्थितियों में गतिविधि-आधारित अधिगम (Activity-Based Learning) एक ऐसी शिक्षण-दृष्टि के रूप में उभरकर सामने आया है जो विद्यार्थियों को सीखने की प्रक्रिया का सक्रिय सहभागी बनाती है। यह पद्धति प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव, सहयोगात्मक अधिगम, खेल, परियोजना, प्रयोग तथा वास्तविक जीवन की परिस्थितियों के माध्यम से गणितीय अवधारणाओं को सहज, रोचक एवं अर्थपूर्ण बनाने का प्रयास करती है। राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 तथा राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्या रूपरेखा 2023 भी बाल-केंद्रित, अनुभवात्मक एवं गतिविधि-आधारित शिक्षण को विद्यालयी शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता में सुधार के लिए आवश्यक मानती हैं। इस दृष्टि से गतिविधि-आधारित अधिगम केवल एक वैकल्पिक शिक्षण पद्धति नहीं, बल्कि बदलती शैक्षिक आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप शिक्षण की एक प्रभावी एवं समकालीन दिशा है। यह शोध-पत्र गतिविधि-आधारित अधिगम की आवश्यकता, उसके समक्ष उपस्थित व्यावहारिक एवं संस्थागत चुनौतियों तथा भविष्य में उपलब्ध संभावनाओं का समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। इसमें भारतीय तथा अंतरराष्ट्रीय शोध अध्ययनों, राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक नीतियों, पाठ्यचर्या संबंधी दस्तावेजों तथा समकालीन शिक्षाशास्त्रीय दृष्टिकोणों के आधार पर यह विवेचना की गई है कि प्राथमिक स्तर पर गणित शिक्षण को अधिक प्रभावी, सहभागितापूर्ण तथा जीवनोपयोगी बनाने में गतिविधि-आधारित अधिगम किस प्रकार महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकता है। साथ ही यह भी स्पष्ट किया गया है कि इस पद्धति के सफल क्रियान्वयन के लिए शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, संसाधनों की उपलब्धता, विद्यालयी अधोसंरचना, मूल्यांकन प्रणाली तथा शैक्षिक प्रशासन में आवश्यक सुधार अनिवार्य हैं। यह अध्ययन शिक्षकों, शिक्षक-प्रशिक्षकों, पाठ्यचर्या निर्माताओं, शिक्षा-प्रशासकों तथा शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में कार्यरत शोधार्थियों के लिए उपयोगी संदर्भ प्रदान करता है और भविष्य में प्राथमिक गणित शिक्षण को अधिक नवाचारी, समावेशी तथा शिक्षार्थी-केंद्रित बनाने की दिशा में सार्थक सुझाव प्रस्तुत करता है। Keywords: गतिविधि-आधारित अधिगम, प्राथमिक शिक्षा, गणित शिक्षण, अनुभवात्मक अधिगम, राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, बाल-केंद्रित शिक्षण, सक्रिय अधिगम, शिक्षण नवाचार
Digital Acculturation: A Paradigm Shift in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
With the advent of Artificial Intelligence, the development of digital acculturation was started. It includes individuals and community’s acceptance, adaption, negotiation and internalization of digital technologies and the cultural norms. This has got inculcated within various stake holders over the time and resulted into acculturation (digital integration) as a whole. Kerala is the India's first state to be 100% digitally literate. This was accomplished through the state-wide Digi Keralam initiative, which was aimed to reach the community level, to ensure everyone’s participation invariable of their age and internet skills. This paper explores the ways in which AI-mediated systems influenced the dynamics and pathways by which individuals learn to be digitally literate, digitally identity, and engage with digitally mediated culture. We review the social constructivist in the view of technology, known as the Social Construction of Technology, (SCOT) and post humanist perspectives, and draw on the ideas of acculturation theory to examine the effects of algorithmic curation, generative content tools and personalized recommendation engines on patterns of cultural transmission and social cohesion. The study highlights some of the paradoxes that have arisen in this paradigm shift: cultural homogenization and hyper-individualized content silos; greater agency in creating content and reliance on opaque algorithmic gatekeepers; and global connectivity and cementing inequalities in access to and representation in AI technologies. The Ethical issues of AI-assisted collecting, such as cultural appropriation of indigenous knowledge, and the loss of common culture and public culture, are considered and examined. This paper proposes a reimagining of digital collecting in the age of AI, one that should consider the co-creation of meaning between humans and machines and the need for policy measures to protect cultural diversity, access, and individual agency in an increasingly algorithmically-mediated world.
Confirmation of Superconductivity of the material by the Coil Method
This article is basically based on the design of the coil method. The coil method is also known as the inductive method or AC susceptibility method. It is a simple, sensitive and non-destructive technique use to confirm the superconductivity in the material. Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism when cooled below their critical temperature. In the coil method the sample is placed between the coils carrying alternating current. As the sample is cooled below its critical temperature, it expels magnetic flux due to the Meissner effect, causing a change in the coil’s inductance, impedance. These changes are measured using suitable electronic instruments and indicate the onset of superconductivity. The coil method is widely used in research laboratories because it provides accurate determination of the critical temperature without requiring direct electrical contact with the sample. It is an important technique for studying superconducting material and has applications in physics research. I have used this technique on BSCCO sample and collect the data. The critical temperature of BSCCO is found to be 92 K using this coil method.
The Cultural Background of the Shekhawati Region: A Study
Like Indian culture as a whole, the culture of Shekhawati is deeply rooted in spirituality; however, it possesses a remarkable ability to assimilate diverse traditions and influences. The Shekhawati region is located in the north-eastern part of Rajasthan, and its rich natural resources attracted various communities from outside, who gradually settled in the region. Since Delhi served as the capital of several ruling dynasties, its administrative and cultural influence continuously extended over Shekhawati. Over time, several civilizations flourished in the region, among which the Ganeshwar Civilization, contemporary to the Harappan Civilization, holds particular historical significance. Ancient sculptures suggest that the people of Shekhawati practiced polytheism, worshipping multiple deities while also venerating local folk deities. The arrival of the Aryans influenced the traditional modes of worship practiced in the region; however, monotheistic traditions did not gain prominence here. Ancient temples were centres of Vedic rituals, including yajnas (sacrificial rituals) and havans (fire offerings), and the practice of animal sacrifice was widespread. This tradition continues to be observed at certain Shakti Peethas and shrines dedicated to local folk deities even today. Abstract in Hindi Language: भारतीय संस्कृति की तरह शेखावाटी की संस्कृति आध्यात्मिकता से जुड़ी हुई है, किन्तु समग्र को आत्मसात करने की उसमें अपूर्व शक्ति है। शेखावाटी अंचल राजस्थान के उत्तर-पूर्व में स्थित है, जिसके कारण बाहर से आने वाली जातियाँ यहाँ की प्राकृतिक सम्पदा को देखकर स्थापित होती गई। दिल्ली में अनेक राजवंशों की राजधानी रही जिसकी शासन व्यवस्था का शेखावाटी पर निरन्तर प्रभाव बना रहा। समय पर अनेक सभ्यताएँ यहाँ विकसित हुई होगी, किन्तु हड़प्पा सभ्यता के समकालीन गणेश्वर-सभ्यता अपना विशेष महत्त्व रखती है। प्राचीन मूर्तियों के माध्यम से यह कहा जा सकता है कि शेखावाटी में बहुदेवों की पूजा की परम्परा थी, तथा साथ-साथ लोक देवताओं का भी सम्मान किया जाता था। आर्यों के आगमन से यहाँ की परम्परागत पूजा-पद्धतियों पर प्रभाव पड़ा। एकेश्वरवादी परम्परा यहाँ नहीं रही। प्राचीन देवालयों में यज्ञ-हवन की परम्परा थी तथा पशुबलि का पूरा जोर रहा है जो अब भी शक्ति पीठों एवं लोक देवताओं के देवालयों में प्रचलित है। Keywords: सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि, रीति-रिवाज, परंपराएँ, सामाजिक जीवन वेशभूषा आदि।
Hinduism in the Ahom Kingdom: A Historical Analysis
The Ahom Kingdom, founded in the early thirteenth century by the Tai-Ahoms under Sukaphaa, witnessed a gradual yet significant process of religious and cultural transformation. Originally followers of the Tai indigenous religion based on ancestor worship and animistic beliefs, the Ahoms gradually assimilated with the socio-cultural traditions of the Brahmaputra Valley. The process of Hinduisation was neither sudden nor imposed; rather, it evolved through sustained interaction with local communities, political alliances, intermarriages, the patronage of Brahmins, and the growing influence of Neo-Vaishnavism. The process of Hinduisation accelerated from the sixteenth century onwards. Successive Ahom rulers adopted Hindu rituals, titles, and customs while retaining several elements of their traditional faith. By the seventeenth century, Hinduism had become the dominant religious and political ideology of the Ahom state, contributing to the formation of a composite Assamese identity. This paper examines the historical process of Hinduisation among Ahoms and its influence in the Ahom Kingdom.
Impact of Native Language on English Language Learning and Proficiency
This study evaluates the effect of native language interference implementing Telugu as native in the learning and proficiency with English language of eighth-grade learners in an Indian multi-lingual setting. The study seeks to investigate how first language (L1) structures disrupt second language (L2) acquisition, including speaking ability and its impact on reading comprehension. Based on both quantitative (regression analysis) and qualitative (classroom observation and surveys) methods, the research demonstrates a strong negative correlation between code-mixed speech patterns that are Telugu-influenced and English reading efficiency. The results indicate that phonetic, grammatical, and lexical variations between English and Telugu are responsible for consistent errors in English use and that code-mixing is a habitual but productive strategy. The research highlights the necessity of pedagogical interventions like contrastive grammar teaching, phonological training, and vocabulary building to counter L1 interference. The findings make a contribution to the wider body of second language acquisition and provide practical recommendations for enhancing English teaching in native language dominant contexts.
Generative AI Use and Burnout Risk in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 50,000 Students
The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has raised concerns about student well-being, dependency, and skill retention. This study examined the associations between GenAI use, perceived dependency, academic context, burnout risk, and skill retention. A secondary cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 students was conducted using descriptive analysis, machine-learning models, and behavioural clustering. High burnout was reported by 25.0% of students and was most strongly associated with weekly GenAI use, perceived dependency, and exam-related anxiety. A distinct cluster of intensive GenAI users showed a High-burnout rate of 62.3% and lower mean skill retention than the remaining clusters. The binary XGBoost model achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.802, the three-class model achieved a macro F1 score of 0.538, and the skill-retention model explained 13.6% of the variance. The findings suggest that intensive GenAI use and perceived dependency are associated with increased burnout risk, while skill retention reflects a broader combination of behavioural and academic factors, although no causal conclusions can be drawn.
Indian Journalism and development of press was started with the freedom movement. Earlier Christian missionaries had started papers for religious propagation. The press also played prominent role in organizing social and cultural renaissance movements. The brutal tax collection practices of the East India Company, pressures of Christian missionaries for religious conversions the subject of the initial newspapers. The first indigenous Telugu paper ‘Vrithanthini’ started in Madras in 1838. Initial newspapers tried to repromoted Indian philosophies and self respect among the people. Kandukuri Veeresalingam published his writings in ‘Purushardha Pradhayani’ founded by Úma Ranganayakulu in 1872. Kandukuri Veeresalingam tried to expose the contemporary issues like anti-development, the bribe takers, superstitions etc., Due to the oppressive rule of Nizam news papers did not emerge in the Telangana region for a long time.
Resisting Patriarchy: Dina Dalal's Negotiation of Gender and Freedom in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance
Rohinton Mistry's novel A Fine Balance has been widely studied for its portrayal of the Emergency, caste oppression, poverty and marginalization, but comparatively little attention has been given to its exploration of patriarchy through Dina Dalal. This paper examines Dina's continuous negotiation with patriarchal power in her pursuit of dignity, autonomy and economic independence. Despite belonging to the privileged Parsi community, she faces gender discrimination within her family and struggles against the authority of her elder brother. Her quest for selfhood, however, is repeatedly undermined by familial coercion, economic insecurity and the socio-political realities of the Emergency. The paper argues that Mistry presents patriarchy not merely as a domestic structure but as one reinforced by broader social and political forces. By situating Dina's condition within the power-structure of gender politics, it demonstrates how her persistent resistance exposes the fragile condition of female autonomy in post-Independence Indian society.
Plagiarism Awareness and Prevention Strategies in Higher Education: A Multinational Literature Review
Plagiarism remains a major academic and ethical challenge in higher education, intensified by easy digital access and inconsistent institutional policies. This review synthesizes global and Indian studies (1998–2025) to assess students’ awareness of plagiarism, its causes, and effective prevention strategies. Research across Australia, Sweden, Pakistan, Nigeria, Japan, Malaysia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, India, and China show that students often have low to moderate understanding of plagiarism, struggle to identify its forms, and lack accurate citation skills. Even postgraduate students exhibit notable gaps. Contributing factors include poor writing skills, academic pressure, fear of failure, and socio-cultural leniency toward academic misconduct. Weak institutional guidelines and insufficient training further worsen the problem. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that structured instruction, academic integrity training, and skill-based writing support significantly enhance awareness. The review highlights the need for clearer policies, faculty development, and systematic plagiarism education to promote academic integrity in higher education.
Digital Divide and Social Inclusion in Rural India: A Sociological Study
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed communication, education, employment, healthcare, and governance. However, unequal access to digital resources has created a significant digital divide, limiting opportunities for many individuals and communities. This study examines the digital divide from a sociological perspective, focusing on how disparities in access to the internet, digital devices, and technological skills influence social inclusion. It explores the impact of socio-economic status, education, gender, age, geographical location, and disability on digital participation and the resulting inequalities. The study argues that digital exclusion extends beyond the lack of technological infrastructure to include differences in digital literacy, affordability, and the ability to effectively utilize digital services. These disparities often reinforce existing social inequalities by restricting access to education, employment opportunities, healthcare services, financial systems, and civic participation. Particular attention is given to marginalized populations, including rural communities, economically disadvantaged groups, women, older adults, and persons with disabilities, who continue to face significant barriers in the digital era. Using a sociological framework, the research emphasizes that achieving social inclusion requires coordinated efforts from governments, educational institutions, private organizations, and civil society. Policies promoting affordable internet access, digital literacy, inclusive technological design, and equitable digital infrastructure are essential for reducing digital inequalities. The study concludes that bridging the digital divide is not merely a technological challenge but a social imperative that fosters equal opportunities, social justice, and inclusive development. Addressing these issues is fundamental to ensuring that the benefits of digital transformation are accessible to all members of society, thereby contributing to sustainable and equitable social progress.
Position of Women in Toto Society and the Development of Education: A Historical and Socio-Cultural Study
This manuscript-ready version examines the changing position of women in Toto society and the historical development of education among the Totos of Totopara. It synthesizes historical evidence, published literature and the author's compiled material into an analytical discussion suitable for journal submission. It argues that expanding educational opportunities have contributed to women's social participation, while economic constraints and geographical isolation continue to influence higher educational attainment.
Predictive Machine Learning Modeling of Laser Strengthening in Thin-Walled Steel Structures
Local laser strengthening is an effective method for improving the mechanical performance of thin-walled steel structures without increasing their thickness or weight. This review summarizes recent developments in predictive approaches to laser strengthening and presents a hybrid framework that combines finite element analysis with machine learning. The approach integrates the physical accuracy of finite element simulations with the computational efficiency of data-driven methods. It provides a basis for efficient prediction and inverse optimization across a broad range of laser processing parameters and treatment patterns.