RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
हिंदी में पढ़ें | ગુજરાતી માટે ક્લિક કરો RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal committed to advancing knowledge across a wide spectrum of disciplines through multidisciplinary research. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, and researchers from diverse academic backgrounds to publish original and high-quality work that bridges disciplinary boundaries and fosters innovative thinking. The journal welcomes submissions in multiple languages — English, Hindi, and Gujarati — to promote inclusive academic communication and support linguistic diversity in global scholarship. Journal Information Journal Start Year: January 2016 Journal Title: RESEARCH REVIEW International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ISSN (Online): 2455-3085 Impact Factor: 6.93 Crossref DOI: 10.31305/rrijm Frequency of Publication: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati Accessibility: Open Access Peer Review Process: Double Blind Peer Review Subject Coverage: Multidisciplinary Plagiarism Checker: Turnitin (Licensed) Publication Format: Online Article Acceptance Rate: 18% – 29% Contact Details Contact No.: +91-99784 40833 Email: editor@rrjournals.com Old Website: https://old.rrjournals.com/ New Website: https://rrjournals.com/ Address: 15, Kalyan Nagar, Shahpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380001 Key Features of RRIJM Journal was listed in UGC with Journal No. 44945 (Till 14-06-2019) Journal publishes online every month Online article submission system Standard double-blind peer review process
SWOT analysis and Strategies for the Development of Sustainable Tourism at Bakkhali Coastal Area, West Bengal, India
Coastal tourism has become a significant segment of the tourism sector in the modern era. West Bengal has a lot of coastal tourism destinations, including Bakkhali and its environs, including Frazergunj, Henry Island, and Jambu Dwip, are significant and environmentally viable ones. The current study aims to determine the main attraction, perception of visitors, potential of the tourism industry in the context of sustainable coastal tourism, and index of satisfaction at Bakkhali coastal area. Both primary and secondary data have been utilized in this study. Primary data has been collected from extensive field surveys with the help of questionnaires from January to April,2024. A total of 150 domestic visitors were chosen using stratified random sampling methods from the whole research region. Using MS Excel and SPSS software for statistical analysis and ArcGIS 10.8 for geographic analysis, the acquired data was processed. After analyzing the data, it is noticeable that the majority of tourists travel 150 km or less around the research area. These sites have the potential to develop into centers for a flourishing tourism industry, according to the SWOT analysis. Index of satisfaction level of the travelers is often very happy with various services, such as natural beauty, price of goods and transportation. However, they are dissatisfied with security, health, and other basic infrastructure. The outcome of this research is very helpful to the policy makers, local stakeholders for the development of ecotourism.
Vaccination in Pediatric Hereditary and Genetic Neuromuscular disorders: Current Evidence-Based Recommendations
Hereditary and genetic neuromuscular diseases include Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies (DMD and BMD), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), Congenital Myopathies (CM), Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD), Myotonic Dystrophy (DM1 and DM2), and other less common muscular dystrophies. In the last decade, management approaches have witnessed a paradigm shift towards potentially curative targeted, disease-modifying therapies. This narrative review collates information up to December 2025, outlines the clinico-epidemiological profile, recent therapeutic developments, and summarizes current recommendations relevant to pediatric immunization, with level and grade of evidence. For DMD, newer therapeutic modalities include Exon skipping Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) Eteplirsen, Golodirsen, Viltolarsen, and Casimersen, orally administered small molecule compound Ataluren, Adeno-associated virus-(AAV) mediated gene therapy Delandistrogene moxeparvovec, orally administered histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat, dissociative corticosteroid drug Vamorolone; and for SMA, ASO Nusinersen, AAV9 vector gene therapy Onasemnogene abeparvovec, and orally deliverable small molecule SMN2 RNA splicing modifier Risdiplam. Unlike DMD, where corticosteroids are the primary pharmacological treatment, the primary treatments for SMA are specific disease-modifying therapies. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants are used concomitantly with several disease modifying therapies. Only prednisone equivalent doses of ≥2 mg/kg body weight or ≥20 mg per day for weight >10 kg when administered for ≥14 consecutive days, are considered sufficiently immunosuppressive by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. In contrast, the Australian guidelines also consider both, a dose of <2 mg/kg per day for ≥14 days and ≥2 mg/kg per day for <14 days, to be immunosuppressive to preclude live vaccine administration during corticosteroid therapy. When indicated, gene therapy combined with corticosteroid therapy should be initiated a minimum 2-weeks after BCG vaccine administration. Live vaccine administration is recommended at least 4 weeks before or after administration of gene therapy with concomitant high dose corticosteroids. During gene therapy, all live vaccines are contraindicated, but not killed vaccines. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines are specifically recommended for patients with SMA, especially if thrombotic microangiopathy develops and eculizumab is used for treatment. The optimal (most immunogenic with least adverse events) route of vaccine administration in patients with neuromuscular disorders, despite significant muscle atrophy and muscle replacement by fat, is intramuscular, due to largely preserved vascularity.
Integrating Farmer Producer Organisations into the Formal Financial Ecosystem Challenges and Policy Solutions
Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) are newer institutional frameworks that have been used to instrumentalise the farmers in India in order to increase collective bargaining, subsidise inputs, and gain access to markets. Although they have the potential to remodel agricultural livelihoods, FPOs have a considerable problem of integrating into the formal financial ecosystem, such as lack of collateral, insufficient working capital, poor governance, low management capabilities, and arduous regulatory compliance. There are more than 44,000 registered producer companies in India as of 2024, but there is approximately 16,000 that is actively registered, which indicates a lack of capacity and ability to meet regulatory filings. Empirical research evidence shows that FPO membership offers 18.75-31.75 percent productivity boost in the farm and 50-100 per bag input reduction but the conversion of input supply to output marketing is limited due to lack of access to credit and infrastructure. Good examples like KASAM in Odisha demonstrate how professionally managed export-oriented FPOs can work on a large scale. The policy measures to facilitate financial integration are through broadening credit guarantee funds, giving out concessional loans with interest reduction, streamlining regulatory processes, facilitating market connections via e-NAM and ONDC, and professional management training programs and fellowships. The future plans include quality-based growth, concentrating FPOs on the same infrastructure, creating federations at the state level, and rewarding performance-based results. FPOs need to be incorporated in formal finance in order to stabilize farm incomes, reduce losses in the post-harvest period, and realize sustainable, inclusive agricultural growth.
Historical Political Ecology in India: Power, Policy, and Environmental Responses
Political ecology focuses on understanding how power relations, political institutions, and historical developments influence environmental conditions and consequences. In the Indian context, environmental problems such as deforestation, displacement of communities, mining activities, and dam construction are closely connected with the legacy of colonial rule and the development policies adopted after independence. These processes have formed patterns of environmental change and have often created vulnerabilities for certain sections of society, especially indigenous groups and rural communities who depend heavily on natural resources for their livelihoods. This study examines the historical development of political ecology in India and explores how state policies, economic expansion, and resource extraction have influenced ecological conditions over time. The research draws on archival sources, existing scholarly work, and selected case studies, including colonial forest laws, large dam projects, and mining regions in eastern India. Through these examples, the paper investigates both the structural causes of environmental degradation and the ways in which affected communities have responded and adapted to these challenges. It also marks the importance of grassroots resistance movements and community-based initiatives that question dominant development models and advocate for more sustainable and equitable environmental practices. The analysis suggests that environmental problems cannot be fully understood without considering their social, political, and historical contexts. By placing contemporary ecological challenges within this broader framework, the study argues for adaptation strategies that are inclusive, historically informed, and sensitive to issues of power and inequality. The findings indicate that achieving sustainable environmental governance in India requires acknowledging past injustices, addressing structural inequalities, and recognizing the role and agency of marginalized communities. Such an approach not only improves our understanding of environmental change but also helps in shaping policies that reduce ecological risks while promoting social justice.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Work Performance: A Study on Employees in Forwarder Companies in Vietnam
This study investigates the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on employee work performance in freight forwarding enterprises in Vietnam, a sector facing increasing competitive pressures and rising service quality demands yet remaining underexplored in prior empirical research. Adopting a quantitative research design, data were collected from 297 employees through structured questionnaires. The study is grounded in Cherniss & Goleman’s (2001) Emotional Intelligence competency framework and the work performance model proposed by Koopmans et al. (2014). The empirical results reveal that EI has a positive and statistically significant effect on work performance, with self-awareness, self management, social awareness, and social skills demonstrating the strongest predictive power. Moreover, the strength of EI’s impact varies across different job position groups, indicating contextual differences within organizational roles. These findings suggest that freight forwarding firms should integrate EI development into recruitment, training, and performance management systems to enhance workforce effectiveness. By providing empirical evidence from Vietnam’s freight forwarding industry, this study contributes to extending EI research within the logistics sector of an emerging economy.
Opportunities and Challenges in Fostering Learners’ Entrepreneurial Intentions and Behaviors in the Context of Higher Education in Vietnam
University learners' entrepreneurship is increasingly framed as an essential source of innovation and local economic development, yet a persistent gap remains between expressed entrepreneurial intentions and actual startup activity. Focusing on Vietnam, where national initiatives (e.g. Project 844, Project 1665) and expanding university support have stimulated learner startups. The study assesses internal factors (self-efficacy, attitude, risk propensity) against external enablers (incubators, mentoring, funding, policy implementation) to identify the principal barriers and mediating pathways that shape conversion rates from idea to venture. The paper offers implications for higher-education institutions and ecosystem actors, arguing that experiential learning, structured mentoring, and accessible seed funding are critical to narrowing the intention-behavior gap. By integrating individual and ecosystem perspectives, the research provides practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of support for sustainable entrepreneurship implications in Vietnam.
Ideology of the Dramatic Themes of Bhikhari Thakur
This study examines the ideological and thematic framework of the dramatic narratives of Bhikhari Thakur, a prominent figure in Bhojpuri folk theatre. It explores his practical and conceptual understanding of drama, his purpose in choosing theatre as a medium, and the social objectives underlying his works. Bhikhari Thakur selected folk theatre (tamasha) as an effective means to communicate with largely illiterate rural audiences while combining entertainment with social awareness. His plays addressed various social issues such as child marriage, dowry, caste discrimination, migration, widow exploitation and gender inequality. Through simple plots, improvised dialogues, folk music, dance and open-stage performances, he created a unique theatrical style that closely reflected the realities of rural society. His dramatic works not only entertained audiences but also encouraged social reform and collective consciousness. By blending traditional folk elements with contemporary social themes, Bhikhari Thakur developed a distinctive theatrical tradition that played a significant role in shaping Bhojpuri folk theatre and promoting social transformation. Abstract in Hindi Language: यह अध्ययन भोजपुरी लोकनाट्य के प्रमुख नाटककार भिखारी ठाकुर के नाट्य कथानकों की वैचारिक और विषयगत संरचना का विश्लेषण करता है। इसमें नाटक के प्रति उनकी व्यावहारिक एवं वैचारिक समझ, नाट्य माध्यम को चुनने के पीछे का उद्देश्य तथा उनकी रचनाओं में निहित सामाजिक सरोकारों की पड़ताल की गई है। भिखारी ठाकुर ने लोकनाट्य (तमाशा) को मुख्यतः अशिक्षित ग्रामीण समाज तक पहुँचने का प्रभावी माध्यम बनाया, जिसमें मनोरंजन के साथ-साथ सामाजिक जागरूकता का भी समावेश था। उनके नाटकों में बाल विवाह, दहेज प्रथा, जातिगत भेदभाव, प्रवासन, विधवाओं का शोषण तथा लैंगिक असमानता जैसे अनेक सामाजिक मुद्दों को उठाया गया है। सरल कथानक, आशु संवाद, लोकगीत, नृत्य तथा खुले मंच की प्रस्तुति के माध्यम से उन्होंने एक विशिष्ट नाट्य शैली विकसित की, जो ग्रामीण समाज की वास्तविकताओं को निकटता से प्रतिबिंबित करती है। उनके नाटक केवल मनोरंजन तक सीमित नहीं थे, बल्कि सामाजिक सुधार और जनचेतना को भी प्रेरित करते थे। Keywords: भिखारी ठाकुर; भोजपुरी लोकनाट्य; सामाजिक सुधार; लोक नाट्य; बिदेसिया शैली
Consultation Expectations, Experiences, and Satisfaction in Medical Tourism: Evidence from International Patients in India
This study examines medical tourism trends within India, focusing on expectations around medical consultation, actual consultation experiences, and overall satisfaction among international medical tourists. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed, using a secondary data set comprising 300 international patients treated at a tertiary, multi-specialty healthcare center in the National Capital Region (NCR), New Delhi. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire measured on an 11-point Likert scale. Composite scores were calculated for consultation expectations as well as experiences. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and quartile-based segmentation analysis, were conducted to ensure analytical transparency and reproducibility. The findings indicate that expectations from medical consultation were slightly below midpoint, while the actual consultation experiences were evaluated marginally above it. This revealed that patient experiences were slightly more positive than their initial expectations. Overall satisfaction levels were notably high. However, regression analysis revealed that perceived consultation experiences did not significantly predict overall patient satisfaction. Quartile-based segmentation further demonstrated that satisfaction remained consistently high across different levels of consultation experiences. The results suggest that consultation-level experiences alone do not account for variation in overall satisfaction outcomes in this sample. The study contributes empirical evidence to medical tourism research by demonstrating the multidimensional nature of international patient satisfaction and emphasizing the importance of comprehensive service standards in cross-border healthcare contexts.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Credit Scoring for Financially Excluded Groups: An Indian Perspective
The swift growth of financial technology (FinTech) in India has significantly transformed the credit distribution landscape, especially for marginalized and unbenefited communities. Traditional credit scoring methods depend largely on official credit histories, assets, and consistent income proof, which leaves out informal workers, low-income families, and new borrowers. Credit scoring models based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become a revolutionary approach, utilizing alternative data and machine learning methods to evaluate creditworthiness. This research explores the impact of AI on credit scoring for marginalized financial groups in India. Employing original survey data complemented by secondary information from regulatory and institutional entities, the study examines the impact of AI-powered credit evaluation on enhancing credit access and promoting financial inclusion. The results indicate that credit scoring using AI greatly improves access to credit, shortens processing duration, and enhances risk evaluation. Nonetheless, issues regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and regulatory oversight remain. The research ends with suggestions for the ethical and inclusive use of AI in India's financial framework.
The Bhagavad Gītā and Consumerism: A Philosophical Critique of Desire, Knowledge, and Detachment
The Bhagavad Gītā, a shining center of Indian wisdom, does not merely preach—it reveals. On the field of Kurukshetra, it opens the human heart and studies the restlessness within; how icchā (desire) blossoms into tṛṣṇā (craving), and how only vairāgya (detachment) can heal the ache of endless wanting. In our age—dazzled by consumption, where identity is branded and happiness sold in installments—the Gītā speaks with striking clarity, cutting through illusion like light through fog. This reflection reads the Gītā as a mirror for the modern mind. It draws on Nyāya’s discipline of clear knowing, Sāṃkhya’s rhythm of the guṇas that move thought and feeling, and Vedānta’s serene insight that the Self is pure, radiant consciousness. Together they show that our culture of consumption is not only an economic habit but a spiritual confusion—a case of avidyā, the ignorance that mistakes the temporary for the eternal, and the object for the Self. Against this fever of wanting, the Gītā offers a calmer rhythm; niṣkāma karma, the art of action without attachment. To act fully, yet remain free; to move through the world without being moved by it—this is the Gītā’s quiet rebellion against consumerist hunger. It is not escape, but balance; not denial, but awakening. Thus, in an age of excess, the Gītā becomes a handbook for freedom, teaching that true wealth lies in awareness, not accumulation; that peace begins not in possession, but in participation; and that to live wisely is to act without being consumed by what one consumes.
Job Satisfaction of Secondary Level Teachers in Mayurbhanj District of Odisha with regard to their Gender, Location, and Type of Institution
Teaching is a highly honourable profession, and teachers’ play crucial role in moulding student’s behaviour. The most important factor influencing teacher effectiveness and student outcomes is job satisfaction of teachers. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction of secondary level teachers with regard to their gender, location (rural and urban) and types of institution (government and private) in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ), developed by Pramod Kumar and D.N. Mutha, was used in a descriptive survey method to gather data from 200 secondary school teachers across 15 schools in the Mayurbhanj district using stratified random sampling method. Null hypotheses were tested using the mean, S D, and t-test. Results showed that gender had no role in job satisfaction while locality had substantial effect on job satisfaction with urban teachers having greater job satisfaction than rural counterparts and similarly, government teachers showed greater levels of job satisfaction compared to private teachers.
Reimagining Examinations: The Role of Open-Book Assessment in Transforming Higher Education
The human mind is a complex system, and contemporary education aspires to nurture learners holistically across the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. In order to evaluate such broad learning outcomes meaningfully, assessment systems must extend beyond the traditional focus on recall and reproduction. In India, particularly at the higher education level, examinations still rely predominantly on long, short and very short answer questions that begin with prompts such as “what”, “where”, “how” and “when”, and far less often with “why”, “create”, “design” or “model”. This pattern constrains opportunities to develop and assess higher-order thinking skills. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 (para 11.2) calls for creativity and innovation, critical and higher-order thinking, problem-solving abilities, deeper learning and mastery across disciplines. In this context, open-book examinations (OBEs), once a rare assessment format, have gained renewed attention as a means of aligning evaluation practices with these goals. This paper conceptually examines the nature of OBEs, their potential advantages in fostering critical thinking, deeper learning and real-world preparedness, and their challenges, including question design, academic integrity, equity and logistics. It analyses key differences between open-book and traditional closed-book examinations in terms of assessment focus, preparation strategies and student experiences. The paper also outlines best practices for designing and implementing OBEs, examines key policy implications for institutions, and identifies future research priorities related to effectiveness, student experiences and the use of emerging technologies in assessment.
Prevalence and Patterns of Junk Food Consumption among Adolescents: A Baseline Cross-Sectional Study
The stage of adolescence is a critical development period in which the food habits are formed, which has long-term consequences to health. The growing access to foods with high energy content, combined with changing lifestyle trends has contributed to an increased dependency of junk food among the adolescents. This cross-sectional baseline study aimed at investigating the prevalence and the determinants of junk food intake in adolescents studying in six private schools in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu in the larger project of promoting sustainable dietary habits. The sample was 1,181 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years old, and the data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire that measured socio-demographic variables, the pattern of junk food consumption, the awareness of the impact on the health, and the peer influence. The anthropometric parameters were recorded and Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined based on the World Health Organization reference standards. Junk food intake was ranked by using a Junk Food Frequency Index (JFFI) and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that 34.5 percent of the respondents had high rates of junk food consumption. High pocket money was found to be the strongest predictor of the frequent-eating of junk food, and the boys were more likely to report high consumption compared to girls. The level of nutritional awareness was negatively related to the likelihood of consuming high amounts of junk food. There were no notable independent relations with the parental employment status, peer influence, and BMI category. These findings provide support to the relevance of economic autonomy and knowledge of health in influencing the dieting preferences of adolescents and the need to implement school and family-based intervention strategies that simultaneously target both behavioural and environmental factors towards the fostering of long term and healthy dieting patterns.
Bound for new horizons: Indentured migration from Jharkhand
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of indentured migration from Jharkhand, India, encompassing both historical and contemporary perspectives. Indentured migration involves individuals entering exploitative contractual agreements to work in distant locations, with 'hill coolies' from Jharkhand's tribal groups being central to this phenomenon during the British colonial era. This paper, based on a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, sheds light on the historical significance of indentured migration, emphasizing the vulnerability of early migrants from tribal communities. Despite the integral role of Jharkhand in indentured migration, the region remains understudied, particularly concerning the Chota Nagpur plateau. The paper underscores the crucial role of indentured migration plays in the growth and development, presenting a thorough examination of its socio-economic impact. The concluding section reflects on the importance of indentured within the context of migration, emphasizing the need for further research and attention to the understudied phenomenon of indentured migration from the Chota Nagpur plateau. The paper proposes a discussion on the historical roots of indentured migration and labour from Jharkhand, as well as a broader exploration of the relationship between identity and indentured migration. In summary, this systematic review contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of indentured migration from Jharkhand, urging for a deeper understanding of its historical context and contemporary implications.
Doing Well by Doing Good? Green Innovation-Led Financial Performance of Vietnamese Listed Manufacturing Firms
This study examines whether green innovation is associated with superior profitability among Vietnamese listed manufacturing firms. Using a balanced panel of 86 firms listed on HOSE and HNX over 2016-2024 (774 firm-year observations), we construct five disclosure-based green innovation indices—green management, green process, green product, green technology, and green marketing—via an entropy-weighting approach applied to annual-report information. We estimate panel regressions with firm and year fixed effects, cluster-robust standard errors at the firm level, and additional pooled OLS, random-effects, and feasible GLS specifications as robustness checks. Across estimators, all five green dimensions exhibit positive and statistically significant associations with return on assets, indicating that firms with stronger green-oriented practices tend to report higher profitability. The estimated links are economically more pronounced for green process and green product innovation, consistent with efficiency and product-differentiation channels. Liquidity is positively related to profitability, while leverage is negatively related, and firm age shows limited explanatory power. The findings suggest that, in Vietnam’s listed manufacturing sector, green upgrading is more consistent with value creation than with a pure compliance-cost narrative, and that policy efforts to improve disclosure comparability and verification can help channel capital toward firms with substantive green execution.
Impact of emerging neighbourhoods on women’s health: A case study from India
Neighbourhoods are socio-spatial residential units in urban areas. Women’s experiences in neighbourhoods are gendered due to differential mobility, caregiving roles, and access to shared spaces. Although global research links neighbourhood conditions and health, evidence from developing countries, particularly among working-age women, remains limited. This study attempts to examine the influence of neighbourhood environments on women’s health in Newtown, an emerging planned neighbourhood in Kolkata, India. A mixed-methods exploratory design was employed. Primary data were collected from 170 working-age women from 15 to 59 years through surveys and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. High prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) was observed. Neighbourhood conditions were significantly associated with physical and mental health outcomes. Lack of walkability increased the odds of cardiovascular disease at 1.62, diabetes at 1.51, and orthopaedic problems at 1.78. Air pollution led to respiratory concerns at 1.68, and loud music elevated neurological vulnerabilities at 1.71. Low social cohesion predicted mental health concerns at 1.98. Neighbourhood in Newtown influence women’s health, and gender-sensitive urban planning becomes essential to improve well-being and equitable health access.
Entrepreneurial Intentions in Family Firms: A Motivational Perspective
In the Indian economy, family-run enterprises are crucial, especially in entrepreneurial areas like Coimbatore District. The effective integration of the next generation into the business is crucial to ensuring their long-term viability. With an emphasis on motivational factors and the role of family and business dynamics, this study examines the major factors that affect entrepreneurial entry into family-owned businesses. The study employs factor analysis, reliability tests, and descriptive statistics to uncover underlying motivational dimensions based on the answers of 150 participants in family businesses and a structured questionnaire. The results show that an individual's decision to join the family business is greatly influenced by organizational structure, family expectations, value alignment, and personal goals. Engagement and long-term commitment are found to be improved by elements like mentoring, succession planning, inclusion in decision-making, and role clarity. The study provides to the pool of research on family business succession and provides helpful guidance regarding how to boost intergenerational continuity through inclusive governance and strategic planning.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching: Insights from Trainee Teachers
Artificial intelligence has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of teaching and learning; however, its ultimate success depends heavily on how it is implemented within educational framework. As teachers remain the central pillars of the education system, understanding their perception of AI integration is essential. Gaining the insight is critical, as they reveal the extent of educator’s acceptance, their level of preparedness and their primary concerns regarding the use of AI in the classroom. The study focused on taking the perception of the future teacher or the trainee teachers who would reshape the future education system. That would help in policy making, in the development of effective training programmes and designing of sound pedagogies in learning. To know the perception of trainee teachers an exhaustive primary survey has been conducted on the awareness, understanding and willingness of the future teacher. The result shows that 86.1% trainee teachers are aware about AI integration and 66.4% understand the usability of AI and 70.4% are willing to use AI in learning and teaching. It shows that the proportion of understanding about AI implication in education system is relatively less than the others which means there is lack in proper training and learning about AI. Thus, the study suggests for more training of the teachers about the usability of AI in classroom teaching. AI integration in education with proper adaptability among teachers is a great step towards a future efficient education system. Thus, the study is more significant in the present context to build a sustainable education system.
Competency-Based Learning in NCERT Secondary English Textbooks: A Content Analysis in the Light of NEP-2020 And NCFSE 2023
The current research is an investigation of the qualitative content of the NCERT Class IX English textbook, Beehive, to assess how well it corresponds to the competency-based education model proposed in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023 will be used as the analytical frame, with a focus on Curricular Goals CG-1 (Effective Communication), and CG-2 (Reasoning and Argumentation). The study includes examination of the textual narratives presented within the book, as well as post-reading and writing exercises included at the end of each reading selection. Findings from this study suggest a substantial number of representations of competencies related to discursive reasoning and writing in various formats (C-1.2, C-2.2), along with numerous opportunities for debate and analytical reflection. However, the study found little evidence of the inclusion of digital literacy or use of new media (C-1.4) in the form of deep pedagogically integrated projects. This study finds that although the textbook affords students a good opportunity for developing critical thinking and effective communication skills, future versions of the textbook should include more direct integration of the digital competencies referenced in the NEP 2020.
Ecological Consciousness in Contemporary Literature: Reconfiguring the Human–Nature Relationship
Contemporary literature increasingly responds to global ecological crises such as climate change, environmental degradation, and the ethical consequences of anthropocentric thinking. This paper examines the emergence of ecological consciousness in contemporary literature, focusing on how literary narratives reconfigure the relationship between humans and the natural world. Drawing upon ecocritical theory, the study analyzes selected contemporary texts to demonstrate how nature is represented not as a passive backdrop but as an active, ethically significant presence. The paper argues that contemporary literature challenges human-centered worldviews by foregrounding ecological interdependence, environmental responsibility, and the vulnerability of both human and non-human life. Through narrative strategies that emphasize loss, interconnectedness, and ecological agency, literary texts contribute to environmental awareness beyond scientific and political discourse. By situating literature within the broader framework of environmental humanities, the study highlights its role in shaping ecological sensibility and ethical reflection. The paper concludes that ecological consciousness in contemporary literature functions as a transformative cultural force, encouraging readers to reconsider their position within ecological systems and to imagine more sustainable modes of coexistence with the natural world.
Climate change has emerged as one of the most critical environmental challenges facing the world today. Scientific evidence overwhelmingly confirms that global warming, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events are largely driven by human activities. However, public perception of climate change varies significantly across different societies, cultures, and political contexts. Understanding how individuals perceive climate change is essential for designing effective policies, communication strategies, and environmental initiatives. This research paper examines the factors that shape public perception of climate change, including media influence, education, political ideology, and cultural values. The study reviews existing literature on climate communication and environmental sociology to understand how people interpret climate information and respond to environmental risks. Research findings indicate that public perception is influenced not only by scientific knowledge but also by social, political, and psychological factors. Misinformation, political polarization, and media framing often shape how individuals interpret climate-related information. The paper concludes that improving climate literacy, strengthening science communication, and promoting public engagement are essential for addressing misconceptions and encouraging collective action against climate change.
The Failure of Enlightenment: Reason, Barbarism, and the Colonial Encounter in Dusklands
In Dusklands (1974), J. M. Coetzee satirically explores the ineffectiveness of Enlightenment ideals as manifested by reason, progress and the civilizing mission in two interrelated stories, The Vietnam Project and The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee. The novel shows how Western rationality instead of moral and ethical progress gets transformed into a dehumanizing, dominating and psychologically devastating machine. The example of the psychological warfare conducted by Eugene Dawn between the Vietnam War demonstrates the extent to which human life has been abstracted into data and strategy, which caused a man to lose his mind and moral decay. The colonial expedition by Jacobus Coetzee in the 18 th century brings us into the violent logic of colonial expansion; the so called civilizing mission conceals systemic cruelty and genocide. Coetzee does not depict barbarism as an incompatible quality of the Other but as the inescapable result of Enlightenment rationality played on imperial ambition. Such areas as dehumanization, psychological and moral effects of the Othering, instrumentalization of reason on violence, and self-destructive nature of colonial domination in the end can be considered. The novel disrupts the authority of the past and of narratives to point out the inaccuracies of Enlightenment intellectualism and to demonstrate that the quest to gain knowledge and development within the imperial structures will result in cruelty, alienation, and the erosion of morality.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Narrative Form and Authorship in Modern Literature
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) to literature is entirely transforming the narrative structure and authorship in contemporary literature as an indication of a new creative paradigm, which is more human-centered with a hybrid element. As a co-creative agent, AI makes it possible to have non-linear, interactive and adaptive storytelling which broadens structural possibilities beyond linear forms of storytelling. This movement has subverted the historical concept of the independent author and fixed text and reanimates the theoretical discussions of originality and the death of the author in digital culture. But this change brings about some major ethical, legal and aesthetic issues as there is a risk of homogenizing narratives, biases within the training data and uncertainty in terms of intellectual property and creative ownership. This discussion looks at how AI serves a dual purpose both as a transformative medium expanding human creativity and in a disruptive way that requires a re-evaluation of the idea of literary creativity as a collaborative process. After all, the effects of AI illustrate a grave conflict between technological growth and the maintenance of the human aspect of the literary art: its emotional richness, cultural particularity, or authorial voice.
Agro-Ecological Zoning for Mustard Crop Suitability in Semi-Arid Regions of India
Agro-Ecological zoning is an important tool for recognizing land capabilities to be allocated for the best and most profitable types of productivity. According to FAO studies, AEZ is the combinations of the climatic, topographic, soil and land use characteristics. In this research, semi-arid region demarcated using aridity index through 30-year point data of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Data prepared by GIS, fuzzy membership function and AHP matrix and then used weighted linear combination or weighted sum for determining parameters weight for AEZ of mustard in semi-arid zone of India that includes climatic, topography, soil, and land use parameters. At first, a climatic zoning map was developed by mean annual temperature, rainfall, potential evapotranspiration data. The topography zoning map was developed using slope, aspect, and hypsometry. Edaphic map zonation was prepared through soil texture and soil erosion maps. Moreover, the land use map was developed by land use and land cover data. The results showed that significant parts of the studied area were classified as unsuitable 52.59% (1.388.731 ha), 27.84% (734.881 ha) and marginal with 27.53% (727.535 ha), 17.96% (474.566 ha) while the optimal zones were only 4.15% (109.697 ha) and 8.44% (223.210 ha). The results also showed that agroclimatic and agro-edaphic zone have the best factor and achieve highest weight in study.
A Study on Household Savings in India Since Reform Period
This research paper examines the patterns, determinants, and impacts of household savings in India since the economic reforms of 1991. Household savings constitute the largest component of Gross Domestic Savings (GDS) in India and play a crucial role in capital formation, investment, and long-term economic growth. The study explores how liberalization, financial sector reforms, and policy initiatives have influenced both the magnitude and composition of savings, particularly the shift from physical assets such as gold and real estate toward formal financial instruments including bank deposits, insurance, mutual funds, and pension schemes. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, relying on secondary data collected from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Statistical Office (NSO), Economic Surveys, and World Bank databases. Time-series data spanning 1991 to 2022 are analyzed using trend analysis, percentage share, growth rate calculations, and correlation techniques to assess the relationships between household savings and key determinants such as income levels, demographic factors, inflation, interest rates, and government policies. Results indicate that household savings as a percentage of GDP peaked at 25.2% in 2007–08 and experienced fluctuations in subsequent years due to changes in consumption patterns, macroeconomic shocks, and policy interventions such as GST, demonetization, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial savings’ share increased from 45% in 1991–92 to 62% in 2020–21, reflecting the positive impact of reforms and financial inclusion initiatives. The study concludes that while reforms have significantly enhanced household engagement with formal financial instruments and diversified savings patterns, challenges such as rural reliance on physical assets, income disparities, and limited financial literacy remain. Strengthening financial awareness and expanding access to formal savings avenues are essential for sustaining household savings and fostering inclusive economic growth in India.
Income and Consumption & Demographic Factors
Redefining Teacher Roles: Navigating the Problematic
The primary objective of Higher Education Institutions is to prepare a new generation – intellectually robust, economically productive, socially committed, culturally sensitive and spiritually inclined — to become useful citizens of society. Teachers play a crucial role in this. A teacher is invested with greater responsibilities than merely teaching. At the same time, he is confronted with many largely contextual problems, depending on the situation he is thrown into and the vagaries of characters he faces. The main characters a teacher confronts, in fact, in day-to-day life, are the students, his colleagues, workplace superiors, institutional authorities, parents, and stakeholders. Interactions with them often become problematic. Compounded with this is his own personal self, personality issues and family problems. Interactions are problematic considering the vagaries of characters and the dynamics of the situation. In any given situation, the characters exhibit different responses. So also, situations keep changing. These amount to demanding that the teacher acquire a newer set of skills each time and a shift in roles to overcome it. The main factors at interplay are character, context, response and reciprocation. A generality of negatives is generated by each of the characters together and in varying contexts that might require reciprocation. Thus, multiple contexts are created as the characters keep changing, each with different responses. This calls for an appropriate reciprocation that defines the teacher's role. The teacher's role is the total of expected reactions, which ideally require reciprocation to resolve the negatives, together called the problematic. In other words, characters may turn negative, the situation or context turns negative, the response generated is negative, but the reciprocation should be positive. In other words, the role is to navigate the problematic. This discourse aims to examine these in greater detail, especially in the context of the negatives and factors contributing to it.
Electrochemical Sensing of Glyphosate Employing Cucurbit [6] uril -Chitosan Composite Platinum Electrode
Glyphosate is universally used broad spectrum organophosphorus herbicide to eliminate weeds. Although it’s prolonged use has led to contamination of water and soil bodies and potential health issues in humans. This study highlights the necessity to monitor the level of glyphosate using electrochemical sensor. Herein, we report the development of a chitosan-cucurbit [6] uril modified platinum nanoparticle electrode for the detection of glyphosate. Platinum nanoparticle deposited electrode was modified by chitosan-cucurbit [6] uril solution by drop cast method. Electrochemical performance was examined by cyclic voltammetry and it is found that the current response of oxidation of glyphosate at modified electrode is higher than the bare and nanoparticle deposited platinum electrode.
Law’s Blind Spots and Literature’s Vision: Why Law Needs Literature?
This paper re-examines the foundational premises of the Law and Literature movement through a critical lens that interrogates not merely whether law needs literature, but how literary consciousness has become indispensable to contemporary legal practice in an era of intersectional justice claims and postcolonial legal pluralism. Whilst seminal scholars such as White, Cover, and Nussbaum established literature's capacity to humanise legal reasoning, this study extends their frameworks by demonstrating how narrative theory, rhetorical analysis, and interpretive hermeneutics operate as constitutive—not merely supplementary—elements of legal legitimacy. Through comparative analysis of canonical Western texts (Dickens, Dostoevsky, Shakespeare, Kafka) and underexamined postcolonial narratives (Anam, Devi, Ramanujan), the article exposes law's structural blind spots: its inability to apprehend subaltern experiences, its dependence on metaphorical reasoning disguised as logic, and its reliance on legal fictions that demand literary suspension of disbelief. The paper argues that literature does not simply critique law from the outside but reveals law's own narrative infrastructure—demonstrating that legal formalism without literary consciousness devolves into what Kafka prophesied: procedure severed from purpose, authority divorced from justice. By foregrounding postcolonial case studies alongside canonical works, this study challenges the Eurocentric foundations of Law and Literature scholarship and demonstrates how literary analysis exposes the foundational violence embedded in ostensibly neutral legal processes. The contribution lies not in rehearsing established positions but in demonstrating their application to contemporary legal crises: how can legal systems claim legitimacy when they cannot comprehend the narratives of those they govern? This article positions literary consciousness as the ethical prerequisite for any legal system aspiring to justice rather than mere order.
Restructuration of the Concept of Limit of a Function: An Experiment at the Undergraduate Level
There has been a major shift in the classroom processes of undergraduate mathematics teaching since high school. The traditional lecture methods are insufficient for a better understanding of the concepts and to direct students towards meaningful learning. In this paper, we analyze the definition of the limit of a function at the secondary level and the undergraduate level and suggest some strategies for understanding this concept.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Goods and Services Tax (GST): A Review of Recent Research Trends
Purpose: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to enhance comprehension of the existing body of knowledge. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis was executed using Biblioshiny in R studio, and 784 documents were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database covering the years 1989 to 2023. Findings: The analysis findings unveiled prominent authors, highly cited publications, significant themes, keywords, and co-citation networks within the field of GST. Originality/Value: This study used Web of Science (WoS) data for the bibliometric analysis, contributing to the existing literature on this subject. Practical Implications: The research results are pertinent to scholars, researchers, and policymakers in the field of GST. The study offers a roadmap and pathways for scientifically comprehending this domain's current and future research trends.