The Notion of Patriarchy in the Selected Short Stories of Ruskin Bond

Abstract

This paper critically examines the notion of patriarchy as depicted in selected short stories by Ruskin Bond. Through a detailed analysis of stories such as Time Stops at Shamli, Night Train at Deoli, The Woman on Platform 8, and A Face in the Dark, this review explores how Bond subtly weaves patriarchal elements into his narratives. Bond’s portrayal of patriarchal structures is often implicit, reflecting the deeply ingrained social hierarchies in Indian society. His stories provide a microcosmic view of gender dynamics, where the authority and control exercised by male figures often overshadow the agency of female characters. In Time Stops at Shamli, the story delves into the introspective journey of the male protagonist who is confined by societal expectations. The tale reflects the pervasive male dominance that shapes the destiny of the characters, subtly underscoring the role of patriarchy in controlling personal choices. Similarly, in Night Train at Deoli, the male gaze, represented through the protagonist's fascination with a young woman, reinforces traditional gender roles where women are often passive subjects of male desire and fantasy. The Woman on Platform 8 presents a departure from typical patriarchal norms, showcasing a woman who defies societal expectations by assuming a nurturing and protective role towards a stranger. However, the underlying power dynamics still reflect the male-centered worldview that permeates much of the narrative. In contrast, A Face in the Dark addresses the authority of male figures, as the interaction between a teacher and a mysterious boy echoes the control and power inherent in patriarchal systems. This review aims to explore how Ruskin Bond’s stories both conform to and challenge patriarchal norms. By drawing on thematic elements of gender, power, and control, this paper highlights Bond’s nuanced portrayal of patriarchal structures, offering readers insight into the often-overlooked aspects of gender politics in his works. Through this exploration, the paper seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on gender representation in Indian literature, especially within the context of short stories, where subtle and intimate portraits of everyday life often reveal larger societal truths.