Exploring Clinical Profiles, Patterns, and Outcomes of Heart Failure Patients in Selected Hospitals of Chennai: A Descriptive Study

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is still the most common cause of death and disability in industrialized nations, and its prevalence is rising rapidly. Heart failure is associated with shorter life expectancy, increased frequency of hospitalization and poor quality of life (QoL) Methods: This study was conducted in selected hospitals, Chennai, India among 200 patients, who were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. The data was collected using Patients demographic variables proforma, Clinical variables proforma and selected patient outcomes proforma. Follow-up data for patient outcome included re-hospitalizations and mortality status of the patient.  Results: Majority of the patients were aged ≥60 years (73.5%), males (67.5%), married (96%), and residing in urban areas (66.5%), non-vegetarians (70%). Regarding other variables, 41.5% of patients were overweight, and 37.5% had been unwell for more than 24 months.  With regard to risk factors, in 84.5% of instances, cardiac reasons were the main precipitant with 70% having coronary artery disease and 77% having hypertension as a comorbid illness. The mortality rates at one month and two months were 3% and 9 % respectively. The readmission rate was the, 8.5% and 15.5 % in 1 month and 2 months. Conclusion: Heart failure is becoming more prevalent, especially in adults over 60, and is often linked to comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease and hypertension. Nurses play a vital role in managing heart failure by providing education, monitoring symptoms, coordinating care, and promoting lifestyle changes. Comprehensive nursing care improves quality of life, reduces hospitalizations, and enhances survival outcomes.