Tunable Fluorescence and Functionalization of Quantum Dots for Biomedical Imaging: Physicochemical Principles, Simulation and Biocompatibility Insights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2025.v10.n7.008Keywords:
Quantum Dots, Fluorescence, Quantum Confinement, Brus Equation, FRET Biosensing, Biocompatibility, NanomedicineAbstract
Quantum dots (QDs), owing to their tunable fluorescence, high quantum yield, and excellent photostability, have emerged as promising nanomaterials in biomedical imaging. This review explores the physicochemical principles driving QD behavior—quantum confinement effects and Brus equation modeling. Surface functionalization methods, including ligand exchange and bioconjugation, are evaluated for enhancing water solubility and biocompatibility. Simulations of size-dependent bandgap in CdSe QDs are correlated with theoretical predictions. Applications in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensing and toxicity challenges of cadmium-based QDs are discussed. Biocompatible alternatives such as carbon, perovskite, and silicon QDs are compared and AI-driven QD design implications are assessed. The review highlights QDs’ potential in developing next-generation nanomedicine tools applicable in mountainous and rural settings.
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