Some History in Indian Mathematical Knowledge System

Abstract

The Indian Mathematical Knowledge System (IKS) represents one of the world’s oldest and most influential traditions, evolving over more than three millennia. Rooted in Vedic texts and the Sulba Sutras, it introduced early concepts of geometry, numeracy, and algebra. India’s pioneering contributions include the decimal numeral system, the concept of zero, and systematic rules for arithmetic operations. Classical scholars such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II advanced trigonometry, quadratic equations, and indeterminate solutions, while the Kerala School developed infinite series and proto-calculus centuries before Newton and Leibniz. Mathematics was also applied in astronomy, architecture, arts, commerce, and pedagogy, reflecting its deep integration with Indian culture and philosophy. Through transmission to the Islamic and European worlds, Indian mathematics shaped global knowledge. Despite colonial suppression, India’s mathematical legacy continues in modern research and education, highlighting both its historical depth and contemporary relevance in fostering innovation and intellectual continuity.