Vedānta and Feminist Philosophy: Rethinking the Self and Liberation

Abstract

This paper critically examines the points of interaction between Vedānta philosophy and feminist theory, with a particular emphasis on how the Advaitic understanding of the self (ātman) as non-dual and universal contradicts hierarchical and gendered conceptions of identity. The study explores the metaphysical and ethical dimensions of liberation (mokṣa) by investigating whether Vedānta’s conception of spiritual freedom might serve as a foundation for a feminist reinterpretation of autonomy, agency, and equality. The paper presents an argument that the disintegration of egoic boundaries in Vedānta offers a radical criticism of patriarchy. In addition, the paper poses issues about the importance of transcendence for feminist politics. It does so by engaging with both classical texts and contemporary feminist critiques. The discussion underscores the possibilities of a dialogical approach in which Vedāntic non-dualism enhances feminist discourse by providing a more inclusive and non-essentialist explanation of personhood. At the same time, feminist philosophy bases Vedānta in social realities and lived experiences. The study comes to the conclusion that engaging in this cross-philosophical conversation, in which the concept of liberty is rethought, enables a perspective of selfhood that is not only metaphysically transformational but also morally empowering. This perspective contributes to an emancipatory ethics that is sensitive to gender justice.